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Avian and Exotics > Aquatic parasites, bacteria, fungi > Flashcards

Aquatic parasites, bacteria, fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Marine Ich?

A

Cryptocaryon Irritans, a ciliate parasite

“White Spot Disease”

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2
Q

What causes Ich in Freshwater fish?

A

Ichthyophthirius multifilis, a ciliate parasite

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3
Q

How to diagnose Marine or Freshwater Ich?

A

Skin scrape

shows ciliates with visible macronucleus

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4
Q

What causes Velvet disease?

A

Amlyloodinium spp (marine fish)

Oodinium in fresh water fish

(a dinoflagellate parasite)

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5
Q

How do you treat Velvet disease in fish?

A
  • Bath treatments with saline
  • Methylene blue
  • Malachite green
  • Copper sulfate
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6
Q

What causes hole in head disease?

A

Hexamita spp.

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7
Q

CS of Hexamita in fish?

A
  • 1st CS is slimy, white mucousy feces even when eating and acting normal
  • Hiding in corner
  • Swimming backwards
  • Head above eyes gets thin
  • Gets blackened in color

“Hole in Head disease”

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8
Q

How to treat Hexamita in fish?

A
  • Metronidazole

(Hole in Head disease)

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9
Q

What causes whirling disease in fish?

A

Myxobolus cerebralis

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10
Q

What fish are most susceptible to Whirling disease?

A
  • juvenile Salmonids, specifically Rainbow Trout in both farmed and wild populations
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11
Q

CS of whirling disease in fish?

A
  • Erratic tail chasing
  • Blackened caudal area
  • Lifelong skeletal abnormalities, targets SC + CNS
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12
Q

What causes proliferative kidney dz in fish?

A

Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae

one of the most serious parasitic diseases in salmonid populations, responsible for collapse of Arctic Char

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13
Q

How to diagnose Kudoa spp. in fish?

A

Sample predilection tissue, typically found in skeletal muscle but can be found anywhere

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14
Q

What causes post mortem myoliquification in fish?

A

Kudoa spp

food safety concern, ass. w raw fish (tuna, amberjack)

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15
Q

What CS can be seen in fish infected with Kudoa spp.?

A
  • White cysts in muscle
  • Post mortem myoliquification
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16
Q

SLICE is an avermection parasiticide for treatment of?

A

Salmon louse

resistance has already been reported…

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17
Q

What fish parasite has a direct lifecycle?

A

Class Monogenea

(Skin flukes: Ectoparasites)

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18
Q

How to treat Monogenea ectoparasites in fish?

A
  • Skin flukes
  • Tx with Praziquantel or H2O2 baths
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19
Q

List most IMPT things to know about Class Monogenea in fish?

A
  • Direct life cycle
  • Attach via hooks
  • Tx with Praziquantel or H2O2 baths
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20
Q

What causes saddleback disease in fish and how does it appear?

A
  • Caused by Flavobacterium columnare
  • Moldy, cottony appearance, often mistaken for a fungal infection
  • Gray patches on the body of fish
  • Affects aquarium/pet fish
  • Ass with shipping, warmer temps, poor water quality
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21
Q

What bacteria causes a moldy, cottony appearance on the body of aquarium fish?

A
  • Flavobacterium columnare (Saddleback Disease)
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22
Q

What CS can be seen with Tenacibaculosis/Flavobacteriosis in farmed marine fish?

A
  • Ulcers, necrotic lesions, and corrosion of the tail and fins
23
Q

What can be a consequence of bacterial or parasitic infections causing a fish to have a pinecone like appearance?

A

Dropsy/Bloat

24
Q

How to treat Francisellosis in farmed fish?

A
  • Oxytetracycline
25
Q

What causes furunculosis in fish?

A

Aeromonas salmonicida

Note: Aeromonas hydrophila causes motile aeromonas septicemia.. different than furunculosis

26
Q

What is the difference between Aeromonas salmonicida and Aeromonas hydrophila?

A
  • A. salmonicida is NON motile and causes furunculosis
  • A. hydrophila is MOTILE
27
Q

What causes raised muscle lesions resembling skil boils in fish?

A

Furunculosis / Aeromonas salmonicida

28
Q

What can cause a C or S shaped body posturing in both marine or freshwater fish?

A

Streptococcus

(iniae or agalactiae)

29
Q

What fish are resistant to Streptococcus?

A

Goldfish, Carp, channel catfish

30
Q

What are risk factors for streptococcus infection in fish?

A
  • High stocking density
  • Poor water quality
  • Warmer water temperatures
31
Q

What vaccines are available for prevention of bacterial infections?

A

- Furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida)
- Streptococcus
- Vibrio (Red pest of eels/Hemorrhagic syndrome/Hitra dz)

32
Q

What CS can be seen with Vibriosis?

A
  • Red spots, swollen and dark lesions on skin that bleed
  • White/Grey lesions on intestines and spleen
33
Q

What causes bacterial kidney dz in fish?

A

Renibacterium salmoninarium

REPORTABLE!!, no treatment

34
Q

What is phaeohyphomycosis caused by?

A

Exophilia spp. (dematiaceous fungi)

“Black yeast”

35
Q

What disease targets fish eggs and juvenile fish in hatcheries?

A

Saprolegniasis (water mold, not a fungus)

36
Q

What fish species are most affected by Saprolegniasis (water mold, not a fungus)?

A

fish eggs and juvenile fish in hatcheries

37
Q

What causes gill rot and what species are affected?

A
  • Branchiomycosis (water mold, not a fungus)
  • Ornamental and freshwater koi, eel, bass, perch affected
38
Q

CS of Branchiomycosis?

A
  • Gill rot
  • Acute infection of gills with high mortality
  • Respiratory distress
  • Patchy, marbled appearance of gills
39
Q

Risk factors for Branchiomycosis / Gill rot?

A
  • Low pH
  • Low DO2
  • Overcrowding
  • High algal bloom
40
Q

Causative agent of cotton shrimp disease?

A

Microsporidiosis

41
Q

What causes xenomas in fish?

A

Microsporidiosis “Cotton Shrimp Disease”

42
Q

CS of Cotton shrimp disease?

A
  • Xenomas (single hypertrophied cell containing millions of spores)
  • Infections are chronic, spores persist for years in tanks and ponds
43
Q

List IMPT facts about Spring Viremia of Carp

A
  • Infectious swim bladder inflammation
  • NOTIFIABLE DISEASE
  • Causative agent: Rhabdovirus
  • Kidney, Spleen, Liver affected
  • Loss of water balance
  • Impairment of immune response
44
Q

What species of fish is affected by infectious swim bladder inflammation?

A

Carp - Spring Viremia of Carp
NOTIFIABLE DISEASE

45
Q

What fish species is affected by Herpesvirus-3?

A

KOI

46
Q

What fish species is resistant to Herpesvirus-3 infection?

A

Goldfish are unaffected

Disease of Koi /Cyprinids!

47
Q

What diseases are goldfish unaffected by?

A

Koi / Cyprinid Herpesvirus-3
- Streptococcus

48
Q

CS of Koi Herpesvirus-3?

A
  • Red and white patches
  • Sunken eyes
  • Acute mortality
49
Q

CS of infectious salmon anemia virus?

A
  • Widespread hemorrhage
  • Anemia, pale heart and gills
  • Gasping at the surface

REPORTABLE/NOTIFIABLE TO WOAH, Tx is by killing all fish in the tank, must eradicate

50
Q

What emerging disease in salmon predisposes to gas bubble disease?

A

Salmon Gill Poxvirus

51
Q

CS of Salmon Gill poxvirus?

A
  • Respiratory distress
  • Gas bubble disease
  • Gasping at surface
  • Increased operculum movement
52
Q

List Reportable diseases to WOAH

A

- Infectious Salmon Anemia virus
- Koi Herpesvirus-3
- Spring Viremia of Carp
- Viral hemorrhagic septicemia
- Infectious haematopoetic necrosis virus
- Salmon Alpha virus (Pancrease dz)

53
Q

Risk factor for Salmon gillpox virus?

A

Increased DO2 / Supersaturation of nitrogen or O2

(Gas bubble disease)

Avian and Exotics (9 decks)

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