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Water Resources > Aquatic Ecosystems > Flashcards

Aquatic Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

Salinity

A

The level of salt in water.

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2
Q

Turbidity

A

cloudiness of the water (caused by erosion, algae growth, etc)

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3
Q

Benthos

A

Organisms that remain at the ocean floor.

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4
Q

Detritus

A

Dead matter and waste.

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5
Q

Nekton

A

Larger organisms that can swim independently of ocean currents.

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6
Q

Delta

A

A landmass formed by the deposition of sediment at a river’s mouth.

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7
Q

Emergent vegetation

A

Plants that are rooted to the bottom of a lake or pond and emerge above the water’s surface.

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8
Q

Tidal Range

A

The vertical difference between high and low tide.

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9
Q

Bioluminescence

A

The ability to produce and emit light.

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10
Q

abiotic condition of water near the equator

A

warm

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11
Q

abiotic condition of water a few feet below the surface

A

sunlit

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12
Q

abiotic condition of a river in the middle of a continent

A

fresh

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13
Q

abiotic condition of a river below a waterfall

A

High O2

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14
Q

abiotic condition of the middle of the ocean, far from land

A

low nutrients

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15
Q

abiotic condition of an oligotrophic lake

A

low turbidity

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16
Q

algae

A

phytoplankton

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17
Q

blue whale

A

nekton

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18
Q

sponge

A

benthos

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19
Q

bacteria

A

decomposer

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20
Q

radiolara, jellyfish

A

zooplankton

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21
Q

source zone

A
  • Water is generally cold
  • rich in oxygen
  • low in nutrients
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22
Q

transition zone

A

Temperature increase, oxygen levels decrease, and nutrient levels rise.

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23
Q

What are the three ecosystem services provided by wetlands?

A
  • Increased biodiversity
  • flood control
  • removal of pollution/sediment from water.
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24
Q

radiolara, jellyfish, krill

A

zooplankton

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25
Q

Swamp

A

Supports trees.

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26
Q

Bog

A
  • Acidic water
  • floating mass of plant matter
  • mosses
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27
Q

Estuary

A

Mixing of fresh river water and salty ocean water, making brackish water.

28
Q

Seagrass Bed

A

Covered with grass-like submerged plants.

29
Q

Mangrove swamp

A

Mangrove trees, which can tolerate salty water.

30
Q

littoral zone

A

close to the shore

shallow, abundant sunlight

31
Q

pelagic (limnetic) photic zone

A

open to light, the highest lake productivity

away from shore

32
Q

profundal zone

A

a deeper zone below the range of light penetration

33
Q

benthic zone

A

at the bottom of the lake, transition between water body and sediment

34
Q

Which zone in the pond would you expect to see the greatest amount of biodiversity?

A

limnetic

35
Q

Which zone in the pond would you expect to see a food web based around decomposition instead of photosynthesis?

A

benthic

36
Q

Abiotic factors of aquatic ecosysytems

A

Salinity- the dissolved salt in the water.
Water temperature
Amount of sunlight
oxygen gas
Nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates
turbidity

37
Q

plankton

A

Free floating or weekly swimming

38
Q

decomposer

A

Breakdown dead organisms and wastes into nutrients that can be re-used.(bacteria)

39
Q

lentic

A

They contain standing water

40
Q

lotic

A

The water is constantly moving

41
Q

freshwater ecosystems

A

very low salinity

42
Q

oligotrophic

A

Lakes are very low in nutrients

43
Q

eutrophic

A

Lakes have much greater concentrations of nutrients

44
Q

Aphotic zone

A

little to no sunlight

45
Q

euphotic zone

A

Contains sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis

46
Q

What is the difference between streams and rivers?

A

Streams are narrow, whereas rivers are wide.

47
Q

Mouth/delta

A

Dissolved oxygen level: decrease
Nutrient level: higher
Relative temperature: warmer
Salinity: brackish

48
Q

salt marsh

A

A coastal wetland regularly flooded by tides, and dominated by herbs, grasses and shrubs

49
Q

What causes water to rise and fall in the tidal zone?

A

The gravitational effects of both the moon and the sun

50
Q

What abiotic factor is primarily responsible for the formation of a rocky shore instead of a sandy shore?

A

Heavy wave activity

51
Q

Why would the open ocean be referred to as the marine desert?

A

Due to the relative lack of life found there.

52
Q

Hydrothermal vents

A
  • Fissures in the ocean floor where heated water and minerals are released into the water.
  • Gases released by the vents are used by organisms able to conduct chemosynthesis.
53
Q

marine snow

A

Decomposers and scavengers eat the bits of matter that fall from above. Other organisms feed on the decomposers and scavengers.

54
Q

vernal pool

A

temporary pools of water that provide habitat for a variety of plants and animals
Usually formed in local depressions with underlying hard pan layers
Most common in the Mediterranean climate

55
Q

Water Temperature is mostly influenced by

A

sunlight

56
Q

Availability of Sunlight

A

Decreases with water depth.

57
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Plant-like and include algae.

58
Q

Zooplankton

A

Animal-like, including organisms like single-celled protozoa or jellyfish.

59
Q

What do all lakes and ponds have in common?

A

They contain standing water, some of which is too deep for emergent vegetation.

60
Q

What is the source of energy for food chains in the photic zone in the ocean?

A

sunlight

61
Q

What are the two things that lakes can be classified on?

A

Nutrient Levels

Biological Productivity

62
Q

How do rivers form?

A

Rivers form when streams combine with runoff water from the surrounding land.

63
Q

What occasionally happens in floodplains?

A

Will occasionally flood and deposit material from upstream.

64
Q

What is a freshwater wetland?

A

Have water that is regularly at or near the soil surface.

65
Q

marsh

A

Areas of low-lying wetland that do not support the growth of trees.

66
Q

dysphotic zone

A

Contains sunlight, but not enough for photosynthesis.

Water Resources (3 decks)

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