AQA ----- New & Emerging Tech Flashcards
-Industry & Enterprise -Sustainability & the Environment -People, Culture & Society -Production Systems
When was the Industrial Revolution?
Late 1700’s
When was the digital revolution?
1940+
What is a finite resource?
A resource that we have a limited amount of.
- They are being used faster than they can be replaced.
- They cannot be synthetically reproduced.
What percentage of our energy comes from non-renewable sources?
84%
What are non-finite resources?
resources that are replaced faster than we can use them.
What are some considerations for responsible design?
- Renewable energy production techniques
- Environmental impacts
- Recyclability at the end of its lifetime
- Maintenance costs
- Toxic byproducts
- Worker conditions in warehouses/supply lines
What is a life cycle assessment? + Why do one?
An LCA is a way for companies to assess the environmental impact of a product during the different stages of its life. It investigates the product from “cradle to grave”
What is ‘Kaizen’?
The idea that products and how they are manufactured can be continually improving and developing for the better.
Where is ‘Kaizen’ originated?
Japan
What are the benefits of ‘Kaizen”?
- Increased productivity
- Increased quality
- Decrease in waste
- Improved motivation in work force
(- Increased competitiveness)
(- Reduced disruption)
What causes global warming?
Primarily caused by an excess of C02 (Carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere that traps heat.
How is Carbon Dioxide released into the atmosphere?
Burning fossil fuels releases Carbon Dioxide from the earth.
Explain Micro-plastics and how they are polluting the oceans.
Micro-plastics are very small pieces of plastic debris. These Micro-plastics are ending up in the oceans. Small fish mistake these for plankton or other small edible molecules, these fish are eaten by larger fish and we eat the larger fish.
What does R&D stand for?
Research &Development
What is technology push
Where sellers push their product out on to the market, driven by research. Often consumers are not aware of the new technology or the advantages they may bring.
What are the following all examples of:
- 3D TV’s
- Flash Memory Stick’s
- Robotic Vacuum Cleaner’s
Technology push
- They were all only made because they could be, no one needs a Robotic Vacuum Cleaner.
What is market pull?
A consumer driven pressure causes manufacturers to continuously develop new products or add functionality to existing products.
What are the following all examples of:
- Reusable shopping bag’s
- Digital Camera’s
- Car Airbag’s
Market pull
- Consumers wanted these items as they wanted to;
: Help the environment
: Save memories
: Have safer carsWhat are Cobots (or Collaborative robots)?
They are mechanisms that work WITH humans which allows greater human-robot interaction.
Give an example of cultural design?
In Japan they sit on the floor at mealtimes; therefore designing tables for a Japanese target audience would be different to another audience.
Why has the Polymer £5 notes offended communities?
The note contains small amounts of Tallow; a substance derived from animal fats. This has upset a large number of Hindus, Sikhs, Jains and Vegans living in the UK.
Give an example of inclusive design:
Pedestrian crossings are designed using audible beeps and bright colours. They are also positioned within easy reach of wheelchairs.
What does CAD stand for?
Computer Aided Design
What is CAD used for?
It is used to create precision 2D or 3D drawings, models or technical illustrations. It is commonly used by architects, designers, artists and engineers.
What are the advantages of CAD?
- High levels of detail
- Can be sent & received around the world
- Can be worked on by many people simultaneously
- Parts can be easily copied or repeated
- Time saving
- Designs can be rendered to look realistic
- Can process complex stress testing (drop tests)
What are the disadvantages of CAD?
- Takes time to learn how to use
- Expensive to buy, set up, train people
- Security issues such as hacking or corruption of data
- Compatibility issues with software
What does CAM stand for?
Computer aided manufacture
What is CAM?
Where automated machinery is controlled by software to manufacture physical parts. CAM uses CNC and CAD to generate 3D tool paths for the machinery to follow.
What is CNC laser cutting?
By cutting at different speeds, laser cutters can burn through or etch the surface of a material. These materials include;
- Paper, Polymers, Timber, Metals and Textile based materials.
What does CNC stand for?
Computer Numerical Control
What does FMS stand for?
Flexible manufacturing systems
What is FMS?
FMS involves an assembly of automated machines commonly used on short-run batch production lines where the products frequently change.
What does JIT stand for?
Just in time (production)
What is JIT?
Where items are created as they are demanded.
This means there is no surplus stock of raw materials, components or finished parts are kept.
What is lean manufacturing?
Lean manufacturing aims to manufacture products just before they are required to eliminate areas of waste including:
- Overproduction, waiting, transportation and defects
Which company created the idea of ‘Lean Manufacturing’?
Toyota created the Japanese idea
What is planned obsolescence?
A product is designed with deliberately short lifespans. This is to make the consumer buy more when their product brakes. e.g IPhone.
What is responsible end of life design?
Responsible end of life design should include:
- As few materials as possible
- Recycled and recyclable materials where possible
- Easy to separate materials avoiding permanent bonding methods
- Built in re-usability where possible
