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GCSE D.T > AQA ------ Materials and their working properties > Flashcards

AQA ------ Materials and their working properties Flashcards

- Papers and Boards - Timbers - Metals and Alloys - Polymers

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1
Q

What are papers and boards made from?

A

Natural fibres (cellulose) usually from wood.

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2
Q

What is paper weighed in?

A

GSM (Grams per Square Metre)

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3
Q

When would their be a need for bleached pulp?

A

For the use of high quality ‘bright’ paper

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4
Q

What are the 3 stages of paper and board production?

A

1 - Pulping
2 - Sizing
3 - Calendering (Draining +Rolling)

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5
Q

How is pulp created?

A
  • Natural cellulose fibres are mixed with water.
  • The mixture is cooked which produces a fibrous liquid known as pulp.
  • It is spread onto a mesh conveyor which gets rid of excess water.
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6
Q

What is a Micron?

A

A unit to measure board thickness, 1000 microns is equal to 1 mm thickness.

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7
Q

What are the 2 categories of natural wood?

A
  • Hardwood

- Softwood

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8
Q

What is ‘felling’ a tree?

A

A tree is ‘felled’ when it is cut down.

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9
Q

Which trees do Hardwood come from?

A

Coniferous trees

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10
Q

Which trees do Softwood come from?

A

Deciduous trees

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11
Q

Why are softwoods good for paper production?

A
  • Softwood trees grow faster than Hardwood.
  • Coniferous trees are usually evergreen.
  • Hardwood is more expensive.
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12
Q

What are the 4 working properties?

A
  • Strength
  • Toughness
  • Elasticity
  • Hadness
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13
Q

What are manufactured boards?

A

usually sheets of processed natural timber waste or sawdust combined with adhesives

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14
Q

What are manufactured boards?

A

usually sheets of processed natural timber waste or sawdust combined with adhesives

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15
Q

What is Ore?

A

A type of rock which contains a pure metal in small quantities.

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16
Q

How is metal extracted from ore?

A
  • (Ore is obtained from mining)
  • The metal is then extracted using a large furnace
  • The heat of the furnace separates the metal from the ore and it is drown off as a molten liquid.
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17
Q

What are the 3 categories metals are put into?

A
  • Ferrous
  • Non-Ferrous
  • Alloys
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18
Q

How is metal extracted from oxides?

A

Heated with carbon to extract the metals.

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19
Q

How is metal extracted from ore?

A
  • (Ore is obtained from mining)
  • The metal is then extracted using a large furnace
  • The heat of the furnace separates the metal from the ore and it is drown off as a molten liquid.
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20
Q

What are the properties of a ductile metal?

A

+ Will stretch without being damaged.

+ Can be stretched or drawn out into long wires.

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21
Q

What are the properties of a malleable metal?

A

+ Can be hammered into shape without breaking
+ Can be rolled or pressed into sheets
- Will deform under compression

22
Q

Which element is found in only Ferrous metals?

A

Iron, (Fe)

23
Q

Which metals can corrode (rust)?

A

Iron (Fe) and Steel

24
Q

Which type of metals are mostly magnetic?

A

Ferrous

25
Q

What is the definition of Toughness?

A

A materials ability to absorb energy and withstand force without cracking or deforming.

26
Q

What is the definition of Hardness?

A

A materials ability to withstand abrasion.

27
Q

What is Tensile strength?

A

The amount of stretching a material can withstand without breaking or failing.

28
Q

Which desirable properties are possessed by non-ferrous metals

A
  • Lightweight
  • Good conductivity
  • Ductile and malleable
  • Resistant to corrosion
29
Q

What is galvanising?

A

Adding a protective coat of zinc to Iron and Steel in order to prevent rusting.

30
Q

Which metal is a great Electrical and Thermal conductor?

A

Copper

31
Q

What is oxidisation?

A

Causes the surface of the metal to change colour and dull with time.

32
Q

How can oxidisation be used as a benefit?

A

Oxidation rarely affects the working properties of the metal and Copper turns a deep turquoise called “Verdigris”

33
Q

What is Kapoaka?

A

Working with recycled cans

34
Q

What are Alloys?

A

They are a mixture of at least one pure metal and another element.

35
Q

Around how much plastic is produced annually?

A

300 million (and rising)

36
Q

What are the 2 plastic categories?

A

Thermo-setting

Thermo-forming

37
Q

What is another name given to thermoforming plastics?

A

Thermoplastics

38
Q

What is the main difference between thermoforming and thermosetting plastics

A

Thermoplastics can be remoulded without the materials properties being damaged, thermosets have strong bonds that don’t split when heated

39
Q

Molecular structure of thermoforming plastics?

A

Long chains of loose molecules with no fixed structure or patterns.

40
Q

Molecular structure of thermoset plastics?

A

Individual monomers join to form a large polymer.

41
Q

What are the pro’s of Thermoplastics?

A
  • Repeated heating and remoulding
  • A good finish can be created
  • They can be recycled
  • It has a plastic memory (pro and con)
42
Q

What are the cons of thermoplastics?

A
  • Not suitable in areas of heat or UV light

- Plastic memory ( Pro and Con)

43
Q

What are the pros of thermosets?

A
  • Able to withstand high temperatures
  • Waterproof (when solid)
  • Hard and durable
  • Good electrical conductor
44
Q

What are the cons of thermosets?

A
  • Cannot be remoulded
45
Q

What is blow moulding used to create?

A
  • Forming hollow plastic items
46
Q

What is injection moulding?

A
  • When soft plastic is injected into a mould
47
Q

What is vacuum moulding used to create?

A
  • When a sheet of softened plastic is formed around a mould.
48
Q

What is extrusion (moulding/forming) used to create?

A
  • Creating objects with a cross section profile
49
Q

What are the tree types of Polyethylene?

A
  • PETE =Polyeethylene terephthalate
  • HDPE = High density Polyethylene
  • LDPE = Low density Polyethylene
50
Q

What is the most common thermoplastic?

A

Polyethylene

51
Q

How much Polyethylene is created annually?

A

over 80 million tonnes per year

GCSE D.T (4 decks)

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