APWH 1.1 - Vocabulary Flashcards
imperial bureaucracy
a vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire’s policies
meritocracy
government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability
the way china’s bureaucratic system was known as, as a result of by officials obtaining their positions by demonstrating their merits on a civil service exam
the Grand Canal
an efficient and inexpensive internal waterway transportation system that extended over 30,000 miles.
this canal helped china become the most popular trading center in the world, under the Song Dynasty
Champa rice
a fast-ripening and drought-resistance strain of rice from the Champa Kingdom
agricultural productivity was expanded greatly through the production of this rice. as a result of this agricultural productivity, china’s population increased greatly and quickly
Proto-industrialization
a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell
china’s manufacturing improvements helped strengthen their equipment and technology and contribute to industrialization, which eventually led to proto-industrialization
artisans
skilled craftworkers
scholar gentry
a civil servant appointed by the emperor to perform day-to-day governance
this was a new social class created by china’s bureaucratic expansion
foot binding
folding the feet in a restricting way
this was a way to show a woman’s social status; it destroyed the woman’s ability to move hence they needed assistance, in which they spent their money on. so foot binding was for the rich
woodblock printing
a technique for printing text, images or pattern where they carve their pattern on a piece of wood
the Chinese were the first culture to use this form of printing
buddhism
a religion where they believe that human life is a cycle of suffering and rebirth, but that if one achieves a state of enlightenment (nirvana), it is possible to escape this cycle forever. there are three forms of buddhism: theravada buddhism, mahayana buddhism, tibetan buddhism
theravada buddhism
a form of buddhism where they focused on personal spiritual growth through silent meditation and self discipline
mahayana buddhism
a form of buddhism where they focused on spiritual growth for all beings and on service
tibetan buddhism
a form a buddhism where they focused on chanting
zen buddhism (aka chan buddhism)
a syncretic faith resulted from the combination of buddhist doctrines and elements of daoism
syncretic
fused together
