APWH 1.1 - Vocabulary Flashcards
imperial bureaucracy
a vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire’s policies
meritocracy
government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability
the way china’s bureaucratic system was known as, as a result of by officials obtaining their positions by demonstrating their merits on a civil service exam
the Grand Canal
an efficient and inexpensive internal waterway transportation system that extended over 30,000 miles.
this canal helped china become the most popular trading center in the world, under the Song Dynasty
Champa rice
a fast-ripening and drought-resistance strain of rice from the Champa Kingdom
agricultural productivity was expanded greatly through the production of this rice. as a result of this agricultural productivity, china’s population increased greatly and quickly
Proto-industrialization
a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell
china’s manufacturing improvements helped strengthen their equipment and technology and contribute to industrialization, which eventually led to proto-industrialization
artisans
skilled craftworkers
scholar gentry
a civil servant appointed by the emperor to perform day-to-day governance
this was a new social class created by china’s bureaucratic expansion
foot binding
folding the feet in a restricting way
this was a way to show a woman’s social status; it destroyed the woman’s ability to move hence they needed assistance, in which they spent their money on. so foot binding was for the rich
woodblock printing
a technique for printing text, images or pattern where they carve their pattern on a piece of wood
the Chinese were the first culture to use this form of printing
buddhism
a religion where they believe that human life is a cycle of suffering and rebirth, but that if one achieves a state of enlightenment (nirvana), it is possible to escape this cycle forever. there are three forms of buddhism: theravada buddhism, mahayana buddhism, tibetan buddhism
theravada buddhism
a form of buddhism where they focused on personal spiritual growth through silent meditation and self discipline
mahayana buddhism
a form of buddhism where they focused on spiritual growth for all beings and on service
tibetan buddhism
a form a buddhism where they focused on chanting
zen buddhism (aka chan buddhism)
a syncretic faith resulted from the combination of buddhist doctrines and elements of daoism
syncretic
fused together
filial piety
the duty of family members to subordinate their desires to those of the male head of the family and to the ruler
neo-confucianism
a syncretic system combining rational thoughts with the more abstract ideas of daoism and buddhism. this system emphasized ethics
it is basically buddhism and confucianism combined. because of buddhism’s strong presence in china, many confucians began to adopt its ideals into their daily life, creating neo-confucianism
japan’s prince shotoju taishi
a prince in japan who promoted buddhism and confucianism along with japan’s traditional shinto religion. this was a way of china’s influence on japan
heian period
a period in japan where they copied chinese traditions in politics, art, and literature
feudalism in japan
the relationship between lords and vassals where land ownership and its use was exchanged for military service and loyalty
this system for japan was built on social hierarchy. there was no central government and this system had very little social mobility
serfs
the peasants in the feudalistic system of japan
samurai
the protectors in the feudalistic system of japan
daimyo
the landowning aristocrats in the feudalistic system of japan
nuclear families
a family with just a wife, a husband, and their children
polygyny
the practice of having more than one wife at the same time
