apush period 5

Question 1

13th amendment

Answer 1

Freed all slaves

Question 2

14th amendment

Answer 2

All people born in the US are citizens and cannot be denied citizenship/rights as such.
Overturned Dred-Scott ruling

Question 3

15th amendment

Answer 3

Voting polls cannot discriminate based on race → black men can vote
Black men mainly voted republican → influx of republican influence in the federal government

Question 4

dred scott vs sanford

Answer 4

Slaves are property and do not have rights
Slavery is constitutionally okay
Slaves were officially defined as property which meant they could be taken anywhere, even to the north → northern and republican outrage
Overturned the Missouri compromise with the idea of popular sovereignty, by mandating that certain states cannot have slaves that denies property
Backlash from the north because southern slave owners could now take slaves anywhere even in the north where they didn’t have slavery.

Question 5

the nullification crisis

Answer 5

1832 attempt by the state of south carolina to nullify, or invalidate within its borders, the 1832 federal tariff law. president jackson responded with the force act of 1833

Question 6

secession

Answer 6

The act of leaving a country and becoming your own country

Question 7

abolition

Answer 7

social movement of the pre-civil war era that advocated the immediate emancipation of the slaves and their incorporation into american society as equal citizens

Question 8

free soil

Answer 8

northerners who opposed allowing slavery in the territories organized the free-soil party in 1848 which adopted the slogan “free soil, free labor, and freemen”. its chief objective was to prevent the extension of slavery and it also advocated free homesteads (public land grants to small farmers) and internal improvements (such as roads and harbors)

Question 9

second party system

Answer 9

the political party framework in the united states from the 1820s to the 1850s

Question 10

third party system

Answer 10

political party organized in opposition to the major parties in a two-party system

Question 11

republican party

Answer 11

Abolitionist and free soil, held in the north
Formed following the fall of the Whig party in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act. They wanted the act repealed
Against the Dred-Scott ruling
Mainly worked in an industrial economy

Question 12

missouri compromise

Answer 12

deal proposed by kentucky senator henry clay in 1820 to resolve the slave/free imbalance in congress that would result from missouri’s admission as a slave state; maine’s admission as a free state offset missouri, and slavery was prohibited in the remainder of the louisiana territory north of the southern border of missouri

Question 13

federal vs state power

Answer 13

the major shift regarding federal vs. state power occurred due to the Civil War and Reconstruction, where the federal government significantly expanded its authority over the states, effectively ending the notion of states’ rights to secede and solidifying the idea of a unified nation under federal power

Question 14

compromise of 1850

Answer 14

complex compromise devised by senator henry clay that admitted california as a free state, included a stronger fugitive slave law, and delayed determination of the slave status of the new mexico and utah territories

Question 15

geography of the civil war (regions and parties)

Answer 15

confederacy home base
confederacy vs union

Question 16

homestead act

Answer 16

1862 law that authorized congress to grant 160 acres of public land to a western settler, who had to live on the land for five years to establish title

Question 17

manifest destiny

Answer 17

phrase first used in 1845 to urge annexation of texas; used thereafter to encourage u.s. settlement of european colonial and native lands in the great plains and the west and, more generally, as a justification for american empire

Question 18

popular soverignty

Answer 18

program that allowed settlers in a disputed territory to decide the slavery issue for themselves; most closely associated with senator stephen a. douglas of illinois

Question 19

nativism

Answer 19

anti-immigrant and anti-catholic feeling especially prominent from the 1830s through the 1850s; the largest group of its proponents was new york’s order of the star-spangled banner, which expanded into the american (know-nothing) party in 1854

Question 20

sectionalism

Answer 20

the political, economic, and social loyalty to a specific region of the United States, often prioritizing the interests of that region over the nation as a whole

Question 21

mexican-american war

Answer 21

created the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo in 1848. mexico recognized the rio grande as the southern border of texas and the u.s. took possession of the former mexican provinces of california and new mexico (the mexican cession). for the territories, the u.s. pad 15 million and had responsibility for any claims of american citizens against mexico

Question 22

reconstruction

Answer 22

the process of rebuilding after the Civil War, initiated by the Republicans and dismantled by the Democrats

Question 23

positive impacts of reconstruction

Answer 23

Amendments (13, 14, and 15) provided rights to black men and overturned the Dred Scot ruling
Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave African Americans legal protections
Freedman’s Bureau provided many opportunities despite poor enforcement

Question 24

negative impacts of reconstruction

Answer 24

People were upset with these amendments being passed, groups such as the KKK emerged in response
Sharecropping exploits African Americans where they were free, but they were not making much money and they were in debt (mostly same as situation as slaves)