A.P.U.S.H. Midterm Flashcards
When did Columbus’s first voyage reach the Bahamas?
1492
(t or f) African society did not practice slavery before Europeans came
False
(t or f) Before the arrival of Europeans, Plains Indians rode small horses to hunt buffalo
False
(t or f) Agriculture started in the Americas in Mexico and the Andes around 9,000 years ago.
True
(t or f) The Dutch and French were unaware of each other’s settlements in North America
False
(t or f) Like the Spanish, the French often intermarried with the Indians, resulting in mixed-race children.
True
(t or f) The Chaco Canyon structure built between CE 900 and 1200 was bigger than any structure in British colonial America.
True
(t or f) The Spanish aim was to exterminate or remove the Indians from the New World.
False
(t or f) Europeans arrived in North America and South America with the attitude that their culture was superior ton that of the various indigenous groups.
True
(t or f) Slaves in New Netherland were treated worse than slaves in the West Indies
False
(t or f) Many Dutch identified with American Indians as fellow victims of Spanish oppression
True
(t or f) In HISTORY OF THE INDIES, Bartolome de las Casts purposefully committed any mention of the story of the Native Americans.
False
(t or f) The Dutch invented the joint stock company, which contributed to the development of modern capitalism.
True
(t or f) All Indian tribes were patrilineal
False
(t or f) The Zuni, Hopi, and their earlier ancestors were dependent on canals and irrigation for farming.
True
(t or f) For Indians, generosity was among the most valued social qualities.
True
(t or f) Spain’s attitude that Christianity was superior to other religions contributed to both the expulsion of the Jews and Muslims from Spain and the collapse of Native American societies in the New World.
True
(t or f) The catastrophic decline in the native populations of Spanish America was mostly due to the fact that they were not immune to European diseases.
True
(t or f) Inspired by tales of golden cities, the Spanish mounted explorations of the present-day U.S. Southwest
True
(true or false) The Dutch were the first Europeans to build a permanent settlement on Manhattan Island.
True
Many images depict a hill, with plantations on the top and a river beneath. What does this indicate about the organization of Virginia plantations in the 1600s.
Plantations were nearly self-sufficient units producing many goods needed.
What was the primary reason that William Penn granted religious freedom in his colony
To provide a haven for all religions being persecuted in Europe
What made indentured servitude most different from slavery?
Indentured servants were contracted for a set time whereas slavery was a permanent condition
We send you in this ship one widow and eleven maids for wives for the people in Virginia. . . . We pray you all therefore in general to take them into your care. . . .
What does that indicate about women in the Virginia colony?
The Virginia Colony was settled largely by single men who might not have chosen to remain there.
What did the Southern Colonies lack socially?
The Southern Colonies lacked a large middle class.
What can be attributed as reducing Native American resistance during early colonial contact in New England.
Deadly diseases reduced Native American resistance to the settlement of New England.
What was the core founding principle of the Rhode Island Colony
The Rhode Island Colony was founded on the core principle of the separation of church and state.
Spanish exploration the American southwest resulted in…
the discovery of little of significance, leading the Spanish to concentrate exploration on South and Central America.
Which of the following is true of the Chesapeake Colonies in the seventeenth century?
The development of a middle class was less significant than in New England.
Compared to New England, a plantation would…
would likely grow more exported crops than New England farms.
Mercantilism embodied which of the following principles
Colonies existed for the good of the mother country.
Which of the following is true of the southern colonies
They fit better into the mercantilist system than the Middle or New England Colonies
The Maryland Act of Toleration of 1649 established
a degree of religious toleration in Maryland
In founding Rhode Island, Roger Williams believed that
The government should not impose its authority over religious beliefs
The purpose of the Half-Way Covenant was to
Ease the problem of declining church attendance and the demand for increased political participation.
The establishment of the Dominion of New England was an attempt by the British to
End a period of Salutary Neglect
Regarding concepts of land ownership, Native Americans
Disagreed with European views that land ownership was permanent.
Slavery developed as an institution in the American South because
By the late 1600s the indentured servant system failed to provide an adequate labor supply
Which of the following is true of colonial New England as compared to the Chesapeake
New England fit less well into the Mercantilist System than the Chesapeake
The English headlight system and the Dutch patroonship system were both designed to
Provide a system of land distribution.
Which of the following most nearly describes early attempts at colonial unity
They arose most more to meet specific threats than to establish permanent alliances
Which of the following was a major impetus for exploration in the fifteenth century
The search for a sea route to the Far East
By 1700, New England towns tended to show
More religious and ethnic diversity than they did earlier
Which of the following was a result of the Great Awakening
It led to a decrease in respect for traditional authority
The Navigation Acts were designed to do which of the following
Create a favorable balance of trade for England
Which of the following were characteristics of the New England Colonies.
They were ethnically and religiously more homogenous than the Middle Colonies
What is one reason a young man might become an indentured servant
Indentured servitude was the only way he could learn a trade
Which of the following is true of indentured servants in colonial America
Many of them died before their term of service expired
Which of the following is a significant similarity in the early development of Jamestown and Massachusetts Bay colony
Private property and representative government were established early
Which of the following is true of the lives of Native Americans along the Atlantic Coast of North America
British agricultural settlement significantly altered their environment
Which of the following was established by the Mayflower Compact
The principle of majority rule
The joint-stock company became a primary structure for English colonization because
It reduced the risk for each investor in the event of the failure of the effort.
What grew out of the privileges and liberties guaranteed in Pennsylvania
The colony grew rapidly and included a more diverse population than other English colonies
The religious freedom granted in Pennsylvania was similar to what other colony
Rhode Island, a colony whose founder embraced religious toleration
Which of the following was a major contributing factor in changing European attitude toward exploration and colonization in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
The increased availability of investment capital due to the growth of commerce.
Which of the following was true in sixteenth century colonial America
The stability of Massachusetts Bay was enhanced by the fact that many settlers came as family units
The result of salutary neglect on the British North American colonies was
an increasing sense of colonial economic and political autonomy.
Which of the following is true of the settlement of New England
It had a more equitable distribution of income than the Chesapeake Colonies.
What was the staple crop trade like in colonial Virginia
dependent on river transportation to get their crops to market
Which of the following factors played a major role in the ultimate survival of Jamestown
Political freedom and the recruitment of women
The French tended to have more positive relations with Native Americans for which of the following reasons
Their settlements encroached less on Native lands
Which of the following is true of the British North American colonies
Religious toleration developed very quickly.
The Declaratory Act was a British act that
Rejected American claims that only their elected reps could levy taxes
What idea did both Regulators and Stamp Act Congress share
Citizens had a right for their interests to be repped in the government
Chalmer’s essay was a response to
The voices of patriots like Thomas Paine who called for independence
The sons of Liberty were originally organized primarily as a
Citizen group designed to intimidate British Authorities into repealing the Stamp Act
John Adams recommended George Washington as commander of the Continental army because
Washington was from Virginia and could help unify the colonists
Which of the following was associated with the intolerable acts
Restrictions on the meetings of Massachusetts government.
After what major event did the British government make the colonies bear part of the cost of the empire
the Seven Year’s War
Unlike the Stamp Act, the Townsend Acts focused on
Imposing an indirect tax on goods imported into the colonies
Which of the following statements about the Treaty of Paris in 1783 is true.
Great Britain agreed to abandon the Northwest posts
What impact did the Committees of Correspondence have in America.
They provided widespread information on British abuses and colonial resistance
The Battle of Saratoga in October 1777 is sometimes called the turning point of the Revolutionary War because it
Led to the French Alliance
Dickinson and his supporters were primarily concerned about
redressing grievances peaceably
The opening portion of the text of the Declaration of Independence
Presents a philosophical justification for revolution
How did the British government most frequently respond to writings like those published by Dickinson and other like him
By arguing that despite their distance, colonists were virtually represented in parliament
What was one important legacy of the Declaration of Independence
It inspired future revolutions against despotic governments
The values expressed in Thomas Paine’s Common Sense reflect
The sentiments of colonial leaders who felt notions of virtual representation left their interests unrepresented.
Which of the following was the purpose of the Committees of Safety
To promote unity and to take action against British abuses of liberty
The main purpose of the articles in the American Crisis was to
inspire American soldiers to continue to fight despite demoralizing military losses.
The Boston Massacre
Occurred when British soldiers fired into a mob and killed a number of Bostonians
At the time that Paine wrote Common Sense, the prevailing sentiment of colonial leaders was that
the actions of the British government had led to a situation that was beyond repair.
The Suffolk Resolves did which of the following
Challenged the authority of Britain to restrict colonial rights
Why did Paine believe that reconciliation with Great Britain was impossible
Great Britain had take conciliatory actions in the past but had always gone back on them
What What ultimately led to the Americans using black recruits in the Continental Army
Fear of the British gaining an advantage by using ex-slaves
Which of the following best describes the Olive Branch Petition
An attempt by the colonists to reaffirm American loyalty to the crown
In Letters from a Far in Penn, John Dickinson did which of the following
Sought reconciliation with Great Britain along with protection of colonial rights
Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation horrified many southerners because of which of the following
It promised freedom to slaves who joined the British cause.
The colonists objected to the Tea Act because
by paying it, they would be acknowledging Great Britain’s right to tax them
The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because
It was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies
In what ways was Thomas Paine’s Common Sense similar to Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence.
Both painted the monarchy as tyrannical
James Chalmers’s ideas were shared by
a minority of the colonists.
What was an important political origin of the American Revolution?
disputes over direct versus virtual representation
The “Daughters of Liberty” was the name given to
women who boycotted British goods by creating their own clothing and food.
Which of the following constituted an American advantage at the outset of the Revolutionary War
The fact that they were fighting a defensive war.
The negotiation of the treaty of Paris of 1783 resulted in the
recognition of American independence by Great Britain
What political movement of the seventeenth century resembled the 1760s Regulator movement in the Carolina colonies
Bacon’s Rebellion
Which of the following statements was true regarding the Stamp Act Congress of 1765
Congress lacked majority sentiment for independence from Great Britain
Next to National independence, what was the second most significant concession the United States gained in the Treat of Paris of 1783
Recognition of its rights as a neutral nation
At issue in Dickinson’s Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania was/were
the rights and responsibilities of British subjects
Ultimately, what led to the colonists’ victory in the American Revolution?
Washington’s ability to keep an army in the field
The ideals expressed by Abigail Adams were undermined by:
a traditional social order that limited the political rights of women.
Which of the following emerging concepts was Abigail Adams challenging?
the idea of ‘republican motherhood’ that was gaining popularity.
The ideas espoused by Abigail Adams best reflected:
challenges to the exclusion of women from political roles.
In regard to rights for women, Abigail Adams:
believed that laws should not discriminate on the basis of gender.
Benjamin Rush’s ideas about the education of women best exemplify the intellectual influences of:
the Enlightenment.
Benjamin Rush’s ideas regarding the education of women has the MOST in common with:
republican motherhood.
The notion that women should receive a formal education was MOST consistent with:
the democratic ideas of the revolutionary era that encouraged individualism.
As a result of the American Revolution, Americans rejected:
the principle of hereditary aristocracy.
In Pennsylvania, leaders like Thomas Paine and Benjamin Rush wanted to see what change regarding voting rights?
They favored the elimination of property qualifications for voting.
New state constitutions written during the American Revolution tended to favor:
legislative power as opposed to executive power.
In his Thoughts on Government (1776), John Adams advocated state constitutions that provided for:
a two-house legislature that reflected the division of society between wealthy and ordinary men.
The new state constitutions created during the American Revolution:
greatly expanded the right to vote in almost every state.
An example of anti-Catholicism during the 1770s was:
First Continental Congress’s denunciation of the Quebec Act.
Support for the separation of church and state resulted in:
increased support for religious toleration throughout the colonies.
As a result of the religious freedom created by the Revolution:
upstart churches began challenging the well-established churches.
To encourage the development of ‘virtue’ in future citizens, Jefferson and Adams supported:
the establishment of free public education.
Why did Jefferson support public education and the University of Virginia?
It would develop more informed citizens and voters.
Why did apprenticeship and indentured servitude decline after the Revolution?
The inherent lack of freedom in the system struck Americans as incompatible with republican citizenship.
Why did John Adams believe landownership was vital to society?
If more people owned land, it would be less likely that fixed and unequal social classes would emerge.
To deal with a wartime economic crisis in 1779, Congress urged states to:
adopt measures to fix wages and prices.
What contributed to the arguments supporting free trade during the Revolution?
the publication of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations.
Who would MOST likely remain loyal to the British crown?
Anglican ministers in New York wanting to expand their congregations.
During the Revolution, Loyalists were:
subjected to social and political repression of their right of free speech.
What is true of the role of American Indians during the Revolution?
They were divided in their allegiance, just as American colonists were.
What policy did the U.S. pursue regarding Native Americans?
The U.S. government continued the practice of actively seeking the cession of Indian lands.
What did Edmund Burke argue in Parliament?
Colonial sensitivity to threats to liberties arose because colonists were so familiar with slavery.
Why did the number of slaves increase by 200,000 from 1776 to 1790?
Natural population increase more than made up for the numbers emancipated.
How did John Locke influence colonial slaveholders?
His writings were used to defend slavery as a natural right of property.
Efforts to emancipate slaves in the 1770s and 1780s:
were compromised by the importance of property rights.
Slavery in the North during the revolutionary era:
ended gradually over a long period of time.
After the Revolution, African-Americans in the North:
often wound up in a state similar to that of indentured servitude.
First step in ending slavery in New England:
gradual abolition.
The free black population after the Revolution:
sometimes enjoyed the right to vote if its male members met taxpaying or property qualifications.
Effect of the American Revolution on slavery:
It began the process of ending slavery permanently.
The writer of the letter above was MOST concerned about suffrage for:
poor white males.
Significant requirement for voting in most colonies:
property ownership.
Concept of ‘republican motherhood’ held that:
women’s role was to instill civic virtue in their children and train them to be good citizens.
Major role played by women in the Revolution:
in support roles tending to households and gathering supplies for troops.
Who was John Carroll?
America’s first Roman Catholic bishop.
Who was the black poet often printed with testimonials?
Phillis Wheatley.`
Next to independence, what was the second most significant concession the United States gained in the Treaty of Paris in 1783
Territory west of the Mississippi River
Unlike the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts focused on
Imposing an indirect tax on goods imported into the colonies
As a result of the American Revolution, Americans rejected
The principle of hereditary aristocracy
In Pennsylvania. new leaders wanted to see what change regarding voting rights
They favored the elimination of property qualifications for voting
In general, new state constitutions written during the American Revolution tended to favor
Legislative power as opposed to executive power.
John Adams advocated state constitutions that provided for
A two-house legislature that reflected the division of society between wealthy and ordinary men.
The new state constitutions created during the American Revolution
Greatly expanded the right to vote in almost every state
As a result of the religious freedom created by the Revolution
Upstart churches like Catholicism thrived
To encourage the development of “virtue”
Public Education
Why did John Adams believe that land ownership was vita to society
If more people owned land, it would be less likely for inequality to emerge.
What did American Indians do during the American revolution
Divided allegiances
