APS 2

Question 1

rule of law

Answer 1

A system in which all people in a society, including governing officials, are subject to legal codes that are applied without bias by independent courts.

Question 2

Articles of Confederation

Answer 2

The constitution drafted by the Second Continental Congress in 1777 and ratified by the states in 1781. It set up a weak central government consisting of a congress with limited legislative power and virtually no authority over the execution of its laws.

Question 3

Virginia Plan

Answer 3

A plan proposed at the Constitutional Convention by Edmund Randolph of Virginia, which outlined a stronger national government, with an independent executive and a bicameral legislature whose membership in both houses would be apportioned according to state population.

Question 4

New Jersey Plan

Answer 4

A plan proposed at the Constitutional Convention by William Paterson of New Jersey to amend, rather than replace, the standing Articles of Confederation. The plan called for a unicameral legislature with equal representation among the states, along with a plural (multiperson) executive appointed by the legislature.

Question 5

Connecticut Compromise

Answer 5

An agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention that there would be a bicameral legislature, with an upper house (the Senate) composed of equal representation from each state and a lower house (the House of Representatives) composed of representation from each state in proportion to its population.

Question 6

electoral college

Answer 6

The electors appointed by each state to vote for the president.

Question 7

bicameral legislature

Answer 7

A legislature consisting of two chambers or houses.

Question 8

expressed powers

Answer 8

(or enumerated powers) Those powers specifically described in the Constitution.

Question 9

elastic clause

Answer 9

{necessary and proper clause) The provision in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution that states that Congress can make whatever laws are “necessary and proper” in order to provide the means to carry out its enumerated powers.

Question 10

separation of powers

Answer 10

An arrangement in which specific governmental powers are divided among distinct branches of government; typically, this means having an executive who is chosen independently of the legislature, and thus executive power and legislative power are separated.

Question 11

checks and balances

Answer 11

An arrangement in which no one branch of government can conduct its core business without the approval, tacit or expressed, of the other branches.

Question 12

supremacy clause

Answer 12

The section of Article VI of the Constitution that states that the Constitution and the subsequent laws of the United States are to be the “supreme law of the land,” meaning that they supersede any state and local laws.

Question 13

reserved powers

Answer 13

Those powers not granted to the national government by the Constitution, and therefore reserved to the states.

Question 14

Federalists

Answer 14

Those who favored adopting the Constitution as written because they believed that a strong national government was needed to solve the collective dilemmas facing the states.

Question 15

AntiFederalists

Answer 15

Those who opposed adopting the Constitution as written because they feared that it created an overly strong national government.

Question 16

Bill of Rights

Answer 16

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution, which enumerate a set of liberties not to be violated by the government and a set of rights to be protected by the government.

Question 17

commerce clause

Answer 17

An enumerated power listed in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution that grants Congress the power to “regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.”