Apr Exam - Chpt 7 Flashcards
Describe matrix organizations
Structure links employees from DIFFERENT parts of organization to work on specific project
- employees report to line manager AND project manager
- Advantages Flexible, Focused, and creative
- Disadvantages must integrate varied skills, must balance workloads of two managers
Describe committee organizations
- committee organization is a structure that places authority and responsibility jointly in the hands of a group of individuals rather than a single manager.
- generally improves planning and employee morale because decisions reflect diverse perspectives.
- tend to act slowly and conservatively, however, and may make decisions by compromising conflicting interests rather than by choosing the best alternative.
Describe line-and-staff organizations
- Line - Oldest and simplest. Direct chain of command from CEO to subordinates. Work on core operations of organization
- Staff departments lend specialized technical support (HR, accounting, etc)
Describe organizational structures
Grouping of people working together to achieve common goals
- Most companies implement one or more of four structures: line, line-and-staff, committee, and matrix structures.
What is departmentalization?
-Process of dividing work activities into units within the organization
Types - Function, Geography, Customer alignment, Product, or Process
What are types of organizational structures and their three key elements?
Key elements
- Human interacton
- Goal directed activities
- Structure
What is corporate culture? Why is it important?
Corporate culture refers to an organization’s principles, beliefs, and values. It is typically shaped by a company’s founder and perpetuated through formal programs such as training, rituals, and ceremonies, as well as through informal discussions among employees.
- Corporate culture can influence a company’s success by giving it a competitive advantage.
Describe leadership styles
- basic leadership styles are autocratic, democratic, and free-rein leadership.
- autocratic leaders make decisions without consulting employees. democratic leaders ask employees for suggestions and encourage participation. free-rein leaders leave most decisions to their employees.
- The best leadership style depends on three elements: the leader, the followers, and the situation.
Managers as leaders
Effective leaders share several traits, such as empathy, self-awareness, and objectivity in dealing with others. Leaders also use the power of their jobs, expertise, and experience to influence others.
- programmed decision applies a company rule or policy to solve a frequently occurring problem.
- nonprogrammed decision forms a response to a complex and unique problem with important consequences for the organization.
- Programmed decisions, such as reordering off ice supplies, are simple and happen frequently, so procedures for them can streamline the process. Nonprogrammed decisions, such as entering a new market or developing a new product, require more individual evaluation.
How do managers make decisions?
- recognition of a problem or opportunity,
- development of alternatives,
- evaluation of alternatives,
- selection and implementation of the chosen alternative
- follow-up to determine effectiveness of the decision.
What is SWOT analysis?
Evaluation of
Strengths - Weaknesses - Opportunities - Threats
to Leverage advantage, work within Constraints, and reduce Vulnerabilities and Problems
What is an organization’s mission statement?
written explanation of an organization’s business intentions and aims.
- statement of a company’s purpose,
- possibly highlighting the scope of operations, the market it seeks to serve, and the ways it will attempt to set itself apart from competitors.
- guides the actions of employees
- publicizes the company’s reasons for existence.
What are steps in strategic planning process
1- Define mission 2- Assess competitive position 3- Set objectives 4- Create differentiation strategies 5- Strategy--> Action 6- Evaluate results Refine plan
Describe planning at different levels of management
- Top managers focus on long-range, STRATEGIC plans.
- middle-level managers focus on short-term, TACTICAL planning
- Supervisory managers interact directly with nonmanagerial employees They are responsible for OPERATIONAL plans developed by middle manager
Why are ethical standards important?
1- affect relationships with customers, suppliers, and public
2- comply with regulations of industry and government
3- ethical tone can encourage, motivate, and inspire employees
4- New laws set in response to unethical behavior (Sarbanes-Oxley)
