Apr Exam - Chpt 7 Flashcards
Describe matrix organizations
Structure links employees from DIFFERENT parts of organization to work on specific project
- employees report to line manager AND project manager
- Advantages Flexible, Focused, and creative
- Disadvantages must integrate varied skills, must balance workloads of two managers
Describe committee organizations
- committee organization is a structure that places authority and responsibility jointly in the hands of a group of individuals rather than a single manager.
- generally improves planning and employee morale because decisions reflect diverse perspectives.
- tend to act slowly and conservatively, however, and may make decisions by compromising conflicting interests rather than by choosing the best alternative.
Describe line-and-staff organizations
- Line - Oldest and simplest. Direct chain of command from CEO to subordinates. Work on core operations of organization
- Staff departments lend specialized technical support (HR, accounting, etc)
Describe organizational structures
Grouping of people working together to achieve common goals
- Most companies implement one or more of four structures: line, line-and-staff, committee, and matrix structures.
What is departmentalization?
-Process of dividing work activities into units within the organization
Types - Function, Geography, Customer alignment, Product, or Process
What are types of organizational structures and their three key elements?
Key elements
- Human interacton
- Goal directed activities
- Structure
What is corporate culture? Why is it important?
Corporate culture refers to an organization’s principles, beliefs, and values. It is typically shaped by a company’s founder and perpetuated through formal programs such as training, rituals, and ceremonies, as well as through informal discussions among employees.
- Corporate culture can influence a company’s success by giving it a competitive advantage.
Describe leadership styles
- basic leadership styles are autocratic, democratic, and free-rein leadership.
- autocratic leaders make decisions without consulting employees. democratic leaders ask employees for suggestions and encourage participation. free-rein leaders leave most decisions to their employees.
- The best leadership style depends on three elements: the leader, the followers, and the situation.
Managers as leaders
Effective leaders share several traits, such as empathy, self-awareness, and objectivity in dealing with others. Leaders also use the power of their jobs, expertise, and experience to influence others.
- programmed decision applies a company rule or policy to solve a frequently occurring problem.
- nonprogrammed decision forms a response to a complex and unique problem with important consequences for the organization.
- Programmed decisions, such as reordering off ice supplies, are simple and happen frequently, so procedures for them can streamline the process. Nonprogrammed decisions, such as entering a new market or developing a new product, require more individual evaluation.
How do managers make decisions?
- recognition of a problem or opportunity,
- development of alternatives,
- evaluation of alternatives,
- selection and implementation of the chosen alternative
- follow-up to determine effectiveness of the decision.
What is SWOT analysis?
Evaluation of
Strengths - Weaknesses - Opportunities - Threats
to Leverage advantage, work within Constraints, and reduce Vulnerabilities and Problems
What is an organization’s mission statement?
written explanation of an organization’s business intentions and aims.
- statement of a company’s purpose,
- possibly highlighting the scope of operations, the market it seeks to serve, and the ways it will attempt to set itself apart from competitors.
- guides the actions of employees
- publicizes the company’s reasons for existence.
What are steps in strategic planning process
1- Define mission 2- Assess competitive position 3- Set objectives 4- Create differentiation strategies 5- Strategy--> Action 6- Evaluate results Refine plan
Describe planning at different levels of management
- Top managers focus on long-range, STRATEGIC plans.
- middle-level managers focus on short-term, TACTICAL planning
- Supervisory managers interact directly with nonmanagerial employees They are responsible for OPERATIONAL plans developed by middle manager
Why are ethical standards important?
1- affect relationships with customers, suppliers, and public
2- comply with regulations of industry and government
3- ethical tone can encourage, motivate, and inspire employees
4- New laws set in response to unethical behavior (Sarbanes-Oxley)
Why is planning important?
Outlines steps needed to accomplish goals and objectives.
What planning is done at different levels of management?
Long range - broad or Short range - narrow
Top Middle Supervisory All
Strategic - Tactical - Operational - Contingency
Why is a vision important?
- serves as target for firm’s actions
- directs company towards opportunities
- differentiates company from competitors
- founder’s perception of marketplace needs and methods organization can use to satisfy them
Describe the management heirarchy
Top - Chief Executive Officer, President, Governor, Mayor
Middle - Director, Division head, regional manager
Supervisory - Supervisor, shift manager, program manager
Describe managerial functions
- 4 basic functions –planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Planning activities lay the groundwork, and the other functions are aimed at carrying out the plans.
- Managers at every level in the management hierarchy must exercise three basic types of skills: technical, human, and conceptual.
What skills are needed for management success?
-empathy (the ability to imagine yourself in someone else’s position), self-awareness, and objectivity. p 185
What is management?
Process of achieving organizational objectives through people and other resources
Business Terms You Need to Know
management 172 planning 174 organizing 175 directing 175 controlling 175 vision 175 mission statement 179 SWOT analysis 181 objectives 182 decision making 183 leadership 185 empowerment 186 corporate culture 187 organization 188 departmentalization 188
delegation 190
What are the three main tactics used by unions to win support for their demands?
Unions use
strikes (walkouts),
picketing
boycotts.
