Approaches In Psychology Flashcards
Behaviourist approach
A learning approach that suggests all children are born the same( blank slate), learning through interactions with their environment.
Biological approach
It views humans behaviour as a result of genetics and proposes that individual psychology stems from internal physiology.
Classical conditioning
Associating naturally occurring instinct with a new stimuli.
Cognitive approach
The human mind is like a computer.
It has internal mental processes turning an input and output.
This approach suggests studying theses internal processes by inference is the key to understanding human psychology.
Genotype
The genetic profile of an individual
Identification
A form of learning according to the social learning theory, which suggests humans can learn by observing role models whom they perceive as similar to themselves.
It suggests we internalise the beliefs of someone we identify with.
Limitation
A form of learning suggested by social learning theory, which proposes that people learn through copying the behaviour of a role model they identify with.
Modelling
When a role model enacts a behaviour that can be imitated by an observer.
Meditational processes
Internal processes that contribute to producing certain behaviours.
Negative reinforcement
A behaviour performed in response to a negative stimulus in the expectation that the negative stimulus will be removed.
Mother comforting a crying child.
Positive reinforcement
Administration of a positive stimulus that amis to increase a certain behaviour.
Giving a child a sweet if they clean their room.
Operant conditioning
A form of learning by direct consequences for behaviour, whether that be reinforcement or punishment.
Phenotype
An organisms physical manifestation of their genotype.
Schema
A mental framework based on previous information that allows us to interpret new information efficiently.
Social learning theory
A learning approach that combines the behaviourist ideals of learning through our environment and the cognitive ideas of involvement of internal manual processes.
It proposes that new behaviours can be acquired by observing and imitating others.
