Approaches

Question 1

What theory did Wundt suggest?

Answer 1

Introspection (focused on structuralism)

Question 2

What did Wundt theorise about Introspection?

Answer 2

It’s a process that involves examining thoughts and emotions.

Question 3

When and where did Wundt set up the first psychology lab?

Answer 3

Leipzig (1890)

Question 4

What are the psychosexual stages?

Answer 4

Freud

1. Oral Stage
2. Anal Stage
3. Phallic Stage
4. Latency Stage
5. Genital Stage

Question 5

Pavlov’s Experiment

Answer 5

Classical Conditioning

• Dogs hear bell (NS) and have no response
• Dogs are presented with food (UCS) and produce saliva (UCR)
• The food (UCS) is presented and the bell (NS) is rung at the same time. Dog produces saliva (UCR)
• Then when the bell rings (CS) the dog produces saliva (CR) as it associates it with the food.

Question 6

What does the Behaviourist Approach suggest?

Answer 6

That all behaviour is learned. (Classical & Operant Conditioning)

Question 7

What three types of Operant Conditioning are there?

Answer 7

• Positive Reinforcement
• Negative Reinforcement
• Punishment

Question 8

Skinner’s Experiment

Answer 8

Operant Conditioning

• Placed rats in a box
• Condition one: The rat pressed a lever and received food (positive reinforcement)
• Condition two: The rat had been receiving shocks and they stopped once it pressed the lever (Negative Reinforcement
• Condition three: Once the rat pressed the lever, it received a shock (Punishment)
• Concluded that behaviour is learned through Classical Conditioning but can be changed through Operant Conditioning

Question 9

What does Social Learning Theory suggest?

Answer 9

That learning occurs through observation and imitation of the behaviour of role models.

Question 10

Who is the main psychologist for Social Learning Theory?

Answer 10

Bandura

Question 11

What are the four mediational processes involved in social learning theory?

Answer 11

• Modelling
• Identification
• Imitation
• VIcarious Reinforcement