Approaches Flashcards
Wundt
- Investigated metal processes using a technique called introspection
- Introspection involves trying to analyse how the mind works by asking people to think carefully about how they do mental tasks
- Wundt was aiming to break our mental processes down into their component parts to find out the structure of mental processes (structuralism)
Evaluation of Wundt’s contribution to psychology
- One of the first people to argue that scientific methods could be used to study human thinking
- Unreliable- couldn’t be repeated
What are the key features of science?
Control
Objective- scientific knowledge should be based on observable information and not on opinion
Replicable
Empiricism- knowledge is gained by developing theories
What are the key features of the biological approach?
Genes, biological structures, neurochemsistry, geno type and phenotype, evolution
What is a genotype?
An individuals’ genetic make up
What is a phenotype?
The combination of someone’s genotype and the environment
Evolution
All animals have evolved to be the way they are because of pressures to servive and reproduce
What are the strengths of the biological approach?
Scientific methods used
Leads to practical applications such as drug treatments for depression
What are the weaknesses of the biological approach?
Overlysimple
Deterministic
What are the key features of the learning approach?
Classical and operant conditioning
What is classical conditioning?
Learning through association
Pavlov’s dogs
Little Albert
What is operant conditioning?
Learning through rewards and punishments
What are the strengths of the learning theory?
Scientific methods
Leads to practical applications
What are the weaknesses of operant conditioning?
Much research is conducted on animals
Deterministic
What are the key features of the social learning theory?
Behaviour is learned from the environment t
Behaviour is learned from observing others and the rewards and punishment that they receive