approaches Flashcards
outline the behaviourist approach
tabula rasa (blank slate)
classical and operant conditioning
pavlov and skinner
observable and measurable evidence only
highly controlled labs
evaluate the behaviourist app
real life application (treatment)
scientific credibility (p+s)
deterministic
animal study research
outline social learning theory
observation and imitation
models
vicarious reinforcement
behaviour-consequence
observational learning
considers cognition
bandura and bobo doll
evaluate social learning theory
less reductionist
deterministic
designed to hit bobo?
outline cognitive approach
focus on internal mental processes
inference
schemas
reliant on labs
computer model
multi-store model of memory
cognitive neuroscience
brain and mind seperate
explain the computer analogy
input (via senses and environment)
processing (encoded by schema)
output (observable behaviour)
the multi-store model of memory
sensory register-attention
short term memory-transfer
long term memory-retrieval
rehersal in short term
schema theory
beliefs, experiences, expectations
packages of information
expand as we mature
evaluate cognitive app
scientific methodology
application to treatment of mental illness
reductionist
methodological issues (inference)
outline biological approach
how genes, hormones, evolution and nervous system effect behaviour
treatments can be developed (antidepressants)
remove/replace unwanted behaviours
twin and adoption studies
what are non identical twins called
dizygotic
evaluate the biological approach
scientific methods
(measurable and objective)
biological treatments can be made
reductionist and only wants to focus on biology
outline the humanistic approach
Maslows hierarchy of need
offers a less deterministic approach
hollistic
human experience, uniqueness,freedom
self actualisation
write the heirarchy of need in order
self actualisation
esteem needs
belongingness and love needs
safety needs
physiological needs
what Is congruence
when your ideal self and self concept align
what is unconditional positive regard?
unconditional love and acceptance of a person with no boundaries or limits
what are conditions of worth
when a parent or significant other places limits or boundaries on their love for someone
outline the psychodynamic approach
sigmund freud
unconscious processes of which we are unaware determine our behaviour
personality has 3 parts (tripartite)
early childhood experiences determine adult personality
abnormal behaviour is the result of mental conflict
sections of the mind (psychodynamic)
conscious
preconscious
unconscious
what are the three parts of the personality
ID (pleasure principle)
ego (reality principle)
superego (morality principle)
what are the 3 defence mechanisms
repression
denial
displacement
what are Freuds psychosexual stages?
oral 0-1 mouth
anal 1-3 anus
phallic 3-6 penis/clitoris
latency 6-11 repressed
genital 12+ genitals
what were Freuds main experiments
little Hans
dream analysis
free association
evaluate the psychodynamic approach
useful theory to explain abnormal behaviours
can be applied to real life
in depth and intensive
difficult to test
unscientific
subjective
what is introspection? (origins)
method used by Wundt. to think about your actions and inner thoughts. when you examine what you do, say, think or feel and how it effects yourself and others
what is structuralism?
the goal of Wundts research. focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components like emotions, sensations and thoughts
evaluate Wundts role in the emergence of psychology
used a scientific method
released the first textbook of psychology
created the first psychology testing lab
demand characteristic risk
subjective rather than objective
