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Psychology Paper 2 > Approaches > Flashcards

Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

Who founded the psychodynamic approach?

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

What is the unconscious mind?

A

Unaware but directs most of our behaviour

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3
Q

What is the EGO, ID and super EGO?

A

Ego - compromise, balance
ID - selfish, wants
Super Ego - morals, the law

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4
Q

What is the Electra complex?

A

See boys have a penis, they want one so get penis envy, having a baby will satisfy this problem

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5
Q

What is the Oedipus complex?

A

Boys sexually attracted to mum, wants to kill dad as with mum but scared of being castrated
So become like your dad to get with people like mum

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6
Q

What are the pros to the psychodynamic approach?

A

Psychotherapy (RWA)
Can explain human behaviour

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7
Q

What are the negatives to the psychodynamic approach?

A

Inappropriate, harmful
No scientific evidence (only little Hans)

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8
Q

Who founded classical conditioning and what is it?

A

Pavlov - pavlovs dog
We learn by association

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9
Q

Who founded operant conditioning and what is it?

A

Skinner - we learn in our environment

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10
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

Reward when desired behaviour is done

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11
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

Avoiding a behaviour to avoid an unpleasant stimuli

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12
Q

What is a punishment?

A

An unpleasant consequence

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13
Q

What are the positives to the behavioural approach?

A

Scientific, well controlled experiments
Token economy (RWA) in prisons, can explain gambling

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14
Q

What are the negatives to the behavioural approach?

A

Over simplified, ignores mental processes
Nurture, ignores free will

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15
Q

Who founded the hierarchy in the humanistic approach?

A

Maslow

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16
Q

What are the 5 steps in the hierarchy?

A
  1. Physiological needs - oxygen,rest,home
  2. Safety and security - employment, family
  3. Love and belongings - sexual intimacy
  4. Self-esteem - confidence
  5. Self-actualisation - acceptance
17
Q

What is CCT? What does it include?

A

Client counselling therapy, active learning, empathy, showing unconditional positive regard

18
Q

Who founded the ideal self and perceived self and what do these mean?

A

Rogers
Ideal self : person you aim to be
Perceived self : how you see yourself now

19
Q

What is congruence?

A

Ideal self has to be similar to perceived self

20
Q

What is incongurance? What causes it?

A

When ideal self and perceived self are far apart
Lack of unconditional positive regard

21
Q

What are the positives to the humanistic approach?

A

CCT, RWA
Holism, considers looking at the human as a whole (not reductionist)

22
Q

What are the negatives to the humanistic approach?

A

Cultural bias
Not scientific, cant be measured

23
Q

What are the 3 main ways to study the cognitive approach?

A

Lab experiments, case studies, brain scans

24
Q

What is a schema?

A

Organise and interpret different information about different experiences

25
Q

What are the 3 different types of schema?

A

Self schema - how you are as a person
Event schema - expected in a situation
Role schema - expected behaviour

26
Q

What are the positives to the cognitive approach?

A

Scientific, lab experiments, brain scans
CBT, RWA helps with everything diagnosis

27
Q

What are the negatives to the cognitive approach?

A

Machine reductionist, reduces us to computers
No free will

28
Q

Who founded the social learning theory and what is it?

A

Bandura - people learn through imitation and observation of others

29
Q

What is indirect observation?

A

Vicarious - observing someone being rewarded so copy

30
Q

What was the bobo doll experiment?

A

Watches happens someone either get rewarded, punished or no punishment/reward when acting aggressively towards the doll

31
Q

What is a negative to the bobo doll experiment?

A

Can’t test real aggression as the doll cannot feel actual pain

32
Q

What are the mediational processes?

A

Attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation

33
Q

What is identification in regards to the social learning theory?

A

Selecting a role model who has higher status

34
Q

What are the positives to the social learning theory?

A

RWA, classification systems with films
All behaviour explained
Scientific - lab experiments

35
Q

What are the negatives to the social learning theory?

A

Ignores aggression due to testosterone
Nurture, ignores nature
Bobo doll can’t actually feel pain - not true representative

36
Q

What is direct observations?

A

Classical and operant conditioning

37
Q

What are the 3 defence mechanisms?

A

Repression, denial displacement

38
Q

What stage does the Oedipus complex come into?

A

Phallic

39
Q

what is the main assumption about cognitive approach?

A

internal mental processes should be studied scientifically
studied indirectly using inferences (drawing conclusions about what’s going on in someone’s mind based on observed behaviour)

Psychology Paper 2 (3 decks)

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