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Psychology Evaluation > Approaches > Flashcards

Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

What is one strength of Wundt and introspection?

A

Wundt’s methods were scientific- standardised and extraneous variables controlled

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2
Q

What is one limitation of Wundt and introspection?

A

Some aspects are not scientific- subjective data, participants self-reported their thoughts

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3
Q

What is one strength of psychology emerging as a science?

A

Modern psychology- learning, cognitive and biological approaches use scientific methods (eg. lab research)

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4
Q

What is one limitation of psychology emerging as a science?

A

Some approaches are less scientific- humanistic and psychodynamic approaches produce subjective data, studying humans creates demand characteristics

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5
Q

What are two strengths of the behaviourist approach?

A
  • Well-controlled research- demonstrating causal relationships, high scientific credibility
  • Real-world application- token economy used in prisons and psychiatry
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6
Q

What is the counterpoint to well-controlled research for the behaviourist approach?

A

Reducing behaviour is this way removes important influences on behaviour (eg. thought)

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7
Q

What is one limitation of the behaviourist approach?

A

Environmental determinism- all behaviour determined by past experience, ignores conscious decision-making

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8
Q

What are two strengths of social learning theory?

A
  • Cognitive factors- emphasised by SLT, ignored by behaviourism
  • Real-world application- can account for cultural differences in behaviour, eg. gender role learning
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9
Q

What is the counterpoint to cognitive factors for social learning theory?

A

Underestimates possible biological factors in social learning eg. mirror neurons

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10
Q

What is one limitation of social learning theory?

A

Contrived lab studies- creates demand characteristics (eg. Bandura) which reduces validity

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11
Q

What are two strengths of the cognitive approach?

A
  • Scientific, objective approach to studying the mind eg. lab studies and cognitive neuroscience
  • Real-world application- such as AI, depression, EWT
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12
Q

What is the counterpoint to a scientific approach for the cognitive approach?

A

Use of interference and artificial stimuli leads to low external validity

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13
Q

What is one limitation of the cognitive approach?

A

Machine reductionism- an oversimplification, eg. no emotion whereas anxiety affects EWT

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14
Q

What are two strengths of the biological approach?

A
  • Real-world application- the use of psychoactive drugs for mental illness
  • Precise and highly scientific methods- scanning techniques, eg. fMRI and EEG
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15
Q

What is the counterpoint to real-world application for the biological approach?

A

Antidepressants don’t work for everyone (Cipriani et al)

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16
Q

What is one limitation of the biological approach?

A

Biological determinism- sees human behaviour as governed by internal, genetic causes

17
Q

What are two strengths of the psychodynamic approach?

A
  • Real-world application- psychoanalysis was forerunner to modern day ‘talking therapies’
  • Explanatory power- influential theories of personality development, abnormal behaviour, gender identity
18
Q

What is the counterpoint to real-world application for the psychodynamic approach?

A

Only suitable for neuroses, but not when contact with reality lost (eg. schizophrenia)

19
Q

What is one limitation of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Untestable concepts- unfalsifiable, pseudoscience (Popper), based on case studies

20
Q

What are two strengths of the humanistic approach?

A
  • Not reductionist- importance placed on the whole person (holism)
  • Positive approach to the human condition- people basically good and in control of their lives
21
Q

What is the counterpoint to the humanistic approach being holistic?

A

Few concepts can be properly measured, so approach lacks empirical evidence

22
Q

What is one limitation of the humanistic approach?

A

Cultural bias- humanistic approach more associated with individualism

Psychology Evaluation (11 decks)

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