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approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the Biological Approach to Psychology

A
  • Behaviour is caused by nervous and hormonal factors, such as serotonin and testosterone
  • Our genes lead to some conditions, but others need to be triggered by events or conditions in our lives
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2
Q

Define the behavioural Approach to Psychology

A
  • Humans are born as blank slates and all behaviour is learned
  • Behaviour can be explained through observational learning followed by direct reinforcement .
  • Behaviour changes through classical and operant conditioning
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3
Q

Define the Cognitive Approach to Psychology

A
  • The mind is represented through various models, such as theoretical or computer models
  • Beliefs and expectations affect thoughts and behaviour
  • Involves schema
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4
Q

Define the Social Learning Theory Approach to Psychology

A
  • There are several meditational processes to learning such as motivation and motor reproduction
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5
Q

Define the Humanistic Approach to Psychology

A
  • All Human beings are capable of personal growth
  • All human beings have free will therefore their behaviour is not determined by internal and external forces
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6
Q

Define the Psychodynamic Approach to Psychology

A
  • Our behaviour is a consequence of a combination of unconscious drives and early childhood experience.
  • We use defence mechanisms to protect our ego and reduce anxiety = Repression, Denial, Displacement
  • Has the ID and the Ego
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7
Q

Which Approaches are Reductionist

A
  • Behavioural
  • Biological
  • Psychodynamic
  • Social Learning Theory
  • Cognitive
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8
Q

Which Approaches are Non-Reductionist

A
  • Humanistic
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9
Q

Why is behavioural reductionist

A
  • Reduces behaviour to stimulus and response
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10
Q

Why is Social Learning Theory Reductionist

A

Reduced to 4 meditational processes:
- Attention
- Retention
- Reproduction
- Motivation

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11
Q

Why is Cognitive Reductionist

A
  • Ignores emotion and motivation in processing information
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12
Q

Why is Biological Reductionist

A
  • Says that all human behaviour can be explained through biological processes
  • Means we are not all unique as individuals: dehumanisation
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13
Q

Why is Humanistic Non-Reductionist

A
  • Realistic view of the world
  • Can only understand a person by considering their whole experience
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14
Q

Why is Psychodynamic reductionist

A
  • Our behaviour is driven by unconscious drives
  • We have limited control over our development
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15
Q

Which approaches are Nature

A
  • Biological
  • 1/2 Cognitive
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16
Q

Which approaches are Nurture

A
  • Behaviourist
  • Social Learning Theory
  • 1/2 Cognitive
  • Psychodynamic
  • Humanistic
17
Q

Which researchers did experiments to support the behaviourist approach

A
  • Pavlov and his Dogs
  • Skinner’s rat box
18
Q

What are Freuds Psychosexual stages of development

A
  • Oral
  • Anal
  • Phallic
  • Latency
  • Genital
19
Q

What is a real world application of the Behaviourist approach

A
  • Token Economy Systems
20
Q

What is a real world application of the Psychodynamic approach

A
  • Freud Dream Analysis
21
Q

What is a real world application of the Humanistic approach

A
  • Client centred therapy
22
Q

What are the three ‘Selves’ in Carl Rogers’ focus of the self

A
  • Self Concept: The self you feel you are
  • Ideal Self: Self you wish to be
  • Real Self: Person you actually are
23
Q

What is Congruence when talking about the self

A
  • Self Actualisation
  • Ideal self and self concept are the same
  • Through unconditional positive regard from someone who loves us for being ourselves
24
Q

What are conditions of worth

A
  • Requirements a person feels they need to have in order to be loved by somebody else
  • Can be real or imagined = Conditional positive regard
25
Q

Who were the 2 psychologists who developed the humanistic approach

A
  • Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
26
Q

What were Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

A
  • Individuals born with ability to reach their potential
  • We are active agents and make every effort to achieve our potential
  • Personal growth involves fulfilling a series of needs in order to achieve self actualisation
  • You must accomplish lower needs before you can achieve higher needs
  • Not all people will achieve self actualisation
27
Q

What does client centred therapy do

A
  • Shows the patient unconditional positive regard
  • Raise self esteem
28
Q

What are the factors in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A
  • Self actualisation
  • Esteem needs
  • Love and Belonging
  • Safety needs
  • Psychological needs
29
Q

What are some evaluations of the humanistic approach

A

+ Non-reductionist
- Limited application
+ Positive approach
- Untestable concepts
- Cultural bias

Psychology (10 decks)

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