Approaches

Question 1

What are the 4 goals of psychology

Answer 1

Description
Explanation
Prediction
Change

Question 2

What is a stimulus

Answer 2

Anything internal or external that brings about a response

Question 3

What is response

Answer 3

Any reaction in the presence of the stimulus

Question 4

What is reinforcement

Answer 4

The process by which a response is strengthened

Question 5

What is unconditioned stimulus

Answer 5

The stimulus that causes the reflex response before conditioning. It is the stimulus that naturally produces the response

Question 6

What is conditioned stimulus

Answer 6

The stimulus which after repeated pairings with the unconditioned stimulus produces the response

Question 7

Unconditioned response

Answer 7

The innate reflexive response to a stimulus that has not been conditioned

Question 8

What is conditioned response

Answer 8

The response that occurs after exposure to the conditioned stimulus

Question 9

What did Pavlov establish

Answer 9

Unconditioned stimulus (food) = conditioned response (saliva)

Question 10

Introspection

Answer 10

Looking at behaviour using sensations and perceptions

Question 11

What is operate conditioning

Answer 11

Claimed that all behaviour is learned as a result of consequences in our environment

Question 12

What does positive reinforcement do

Answer 12

Increases the likelihood of a response occurring because it involves a reward for the behaviour

Question 13

What is negative reinforcement

Answer 13

Increases the likelihood of a response occurring because it involves the removal of , escaping from, unpleasant consequences

Question 14

What’s an example of positive reinforcement

Answer 14

A dog gets a treat for returning when called

Question 15

What’s an example of negative reinforcement

Answer 15

Leads to stopping or avoiding an electric shock

Question 16

What’s an example of token economy systems

Answer 16

Prisons and psychiatric hospitals

Question 17

What is environmental determinism

Answer 17

All behaviours are determined by past experiences that have been conditioned

Question 18

What is motor reproduction

Answer 18

The individual replicates the behaviour shown by the model

Question 19

What is the cognitive approach

Answer 19

How our mental processes affect behaviour

Question 20

What is the reductionist approach

Answer 20

When inferences are made about what is going on inside peoples mind, based on their behaviour

Question 21

What are the three different types of schemas

Answer 21

Role
Event
Self

Question 22

What is role schemas

Answer 22

These are ideas about the behaviour which is expected from someone in a certain role , setting or situation

Question 23

What are event schemas

Answer 23

Theses are called scripts. They contain information about what happens in a situation

Question 24

What are self schemas

Answer 24

These contain information about ourselves based on physical characteristics and personality as well as beliefs and values. They can affect how you act

Question 25

What is the biological approach

Answer 25

The relationship between psychological processes and the underlying physiological events

Question 26

What is the psychodynamic approach in psychology

Answer 26

That all behaviour has an underlying cause that originate from their unconscious

Question 27

What three things make up the 3rd force

Answer 27

Phsychoanalysis, behaviourism and humanistic approach