Approaches

Question 1

Who was Wilhelm Wundt and what method of psychology did he use?

Answer 1

1. “father of psychology”
2. introspection
3. Treated psychology as a science

Question 2

Define introspection

Answer 2

The system of observing our own thought processes in a systematic and controlled way. The observations are recorded and compared

Question 3

Why was introspection questioned

Answer 3

1. Subjective

2. didn’t establish principles

Question 4

Define behaviourist approach

Answer 4

The behaviourist approach is a learning theory which states that all behaviours are learned through interaction with the environment and conditioning

Question 5

Define classical conditioning

Answer 5

When a neutral stimulus is consistently paired with an unconditioned stimulus so that it eventually takes on the properties of this stimulus and is able to reproduce a conditioned response

Question 6

Define operant conditioning

Answer 6

Learning through reinforcement or punishment. If behaviour is followed by a desirable consequence then that behaviour is more likely to occur again in the future

Question 7

Define reinforcement

Answer 7

Anything that strengthens a response and increases the likelihood that it will occur again in the future

Question 8

Explain Pavlov’s how Pavlov discovered classical conditioning

Answer 8

Pavlov was investigating the salivary reflexes of dogs when he noticed that the animals also reacted to a stimuli that coincided with the presentation of food such as the presence of a food bowl

Question 9

How does classical conditioning work

Answer 9

All animals are born with natural reflexes such as salivation