Approach to Seizure-Syncope Flashcards
What is a seizure?
sudden burst of electrical activity in the brain
Examples of paroxysmal disorders
Migraine Syncope Dizziness Seizure Amnesia
Epilepsy
2 or more unprovoked seizures
Describe a petit mal seizure and what is used to treat it
3 hz spikes on EEG associate most commonly with children. They stare off in the distance and then snap back in.
Ethosuximide
Can you diagnose seizures based off a single EEG?
No except for a petit mal seizure
2 types of seizures
Partial- one sided
Generalized- both sides brain
How are partial seizures sub-classified
Simple partial- focal motor/sensory activity, no LOC, seconds, aware of what’s happening
Complex partial- non responsive staring, possible preceding aura, LOC, 1-3m, post-ictal state
Subtypes of generalized seizures
Absence (petit mal)
Tonic-clonic (or separately)
Myoclonic
Atonic
Describe a tonic-clonic seizure
bilateral extension of limbs followed by symmetrical jerking of extremities
Describe an atonic seizure
“Drop Attack” looks like syncope
Describe a myoclonic seizure
quick repetitive jerks of arms and legs only a few seconds. Almost looks like Hemiballismus
Common combo treatment for primary generalized seizures
Valproic Acid
Lamotrigine
Status Epilepticus
Prolonged seizure >10m or repeated seizures without recovery
Treatment for Status Epilepticus
ABC’s
IV access
Head CT
AED = benzo
What AED should be avoided in pregnancy?
Valproic Acid
