Appraising the Trustworthiness and Integrity in Qualitative Research Flashcards
There is an argument on what reagrding qualitative researchers
should qualitative researchers return to the terminology of the social sciences
a debate about rigor and validity - should there be validity if there is no way to measure it - is validity absurd?
How is validity important to qualitative and quantitative studies? How does it differ in qualitative research?
It is an appropriate quality criterion in both bu qualitative researchers have to use different methods to achieve it since there is no way of measuring traditional validity of their data
What is the generic v specific standard argument
Should there be a generic set of quality standards or a specific standard needed for different qualitative traditions
Some frameworks and criteria strive to be generic while others are specific to a tradition
What is the terminology proliferation and confusion problem in qualitative analysis
there is no common vocabulary so terminology can be confusing
words like goodness, truth value, integrity, trustworthiness, validity and rigor may all be used in one study or another while other refute these terms
In actuality how is qualitative research usually reacted to be readers
usually differently based on who is reading it - like a poem each reader finds different meaning
What is the current cold standard of qualitative quality criteria
Lincoln and Guba’s Quality Criteria (However these are still not universally accepted and are just proposals still)
The key goal in Lincoln and Guba’s Quality Criteria is ____
trustworthiness
This concerns the “Truth value” of qualitative data, analysis and interpretation
What are the (now) 5 criteria for enhancing trustworthiness of a qualitative inquiry according to Lincoln and Guba
- Credibility
- Dependability
- Confirmability
- Transferability
- Authenticity (New)
Credibility
refers to confidence in the truth value of the data and interpretations of them
Qualitative researchers must strive to establish this confidence in the truth of the findings
What is the quantitative analog to Credibility
Internal Validity
Credibility involves what 2 aspects
- Carrying out the study in a way that enhances the believability of the findings
- Taking steps to demonstrate credbility to external readers
Despite credibility not being universally accepted…
it is used in many quality frameworks
Dependability
stability of data over time and over conditions
So: Would the study findings be repeated if the inquiry were repicated wiht the same (or similar) participants in the same (or similar) context?
What is the quantitative analog of Dependability
Reliability
____ cannot be attained in the absence of dependability
credibility (cant have confidence if you dont have the stability)
Confirmability
Refers to the objectivity - the potential for congruence between two or more independent people about the datas accuracy, relevance, or meaning
Establishing that the data represent the information participants provided and that the interpretations of those data are not IMAGINED by the inquirer
What is the quantitative analog of Confirmability
Objectivity
What is required for Confirmability to be achieved?
The findings must reflect the participants voice and the conditions of the inquiry, not the researchers biases
Transferability
The extent to which qualitative findings have applicability in other settings or groups
What is the quantitative analog of Transferability
Generalizability
Authenticity
Conveys the feeling tone of participants lives as they are living them
Sense of the mood, experience, language, and context of those lives of the participants
What is the quantitative analog for Authenticity
There is none - there is no mood in quantitative research
A text has authenticity when…
it invites readers into a vicarious experience of the lives being described and enables readers to develop a heightened sensitivity to the issues being depicted
Like reading a good book- you feel like you are a part of the mood and such in qualitative research
What are some quality enhancement strategies during data collection in qualitative research
Prolonged Engagement
Persistent Observation
Reflexivity Strategies
Comprehensive and vivid recording of information
Maintenance of an audit trail and decision trail
Member Checking (Controversial)
Prolonged Engagement
strategy of quality data collection
investing sufficient time to have an indepth understanding of the data
ex: Reasearcher interviews 17 nurses individuall and puts in time for a better understanding
Persistent Observation
Strategy of quality data collection
intensive focus on salience of data being gathered - so researchers focus on the characteristics or aspects of the situation
ex: Researcher and colleagues spend 400 hours of data collection observing all 3 shifts in a place to see how elderly care was done
Reflexivity Strategy
strategy of quality data collection
attending to researchers effect on data
Their unique background, values, and professional identity affect data
they will keep a reflection journal to write thoughts and feelings and own up to biases
Audit Trail
a systematic collection of documentation and materials
Decision Trail
Specifices decision rules
Member Checking
a controversial method of quality assurance in qual.
Providing feedback to participants about emerging interpretations and obtaining their reactions
Issue is they may change how they act as a result (ex: Bedside report and pain)
Triangulation
The use of multiple referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth
Data Triangulation
the use of multiple data sources for the purpose of validating conclusions
involves Time and Space Triangulation
Denzin
Time Triangulation
Time
Involves collecting data on the same phenomenon or about the same people at differnet points in time - throughout the day, weeks, couple of years etc
Space Triangulation
Space
Collecting data on the same phenomenon in multiple sites - ex: Across binghamton, across nursing building, across the globe, etc
Method Triangulation
the use of multiple methods of data collection to study the same phenomenon
Quality Assurance Strategies of Qualitative Research Relating to Coding and Analysis
Searching for disconfirming evidence as the analysis proceeds/ Negative Case Analysis
Peer review and debriefing
Inquiry Audit
What is involved in Negative Case Analysis
searching for cases that appear to discredit earlier hypotheses
Qual. research does NOT start with a hypothesis so we search for disconfirming evidence as the analysis proceeds, through purposive/theoretical sampling of cases that can challenge the interpretations
Inquiry Audit
a formal scrutiny of the data and relevant supporting documents and decisions by an external reviewer with no involvement in the research
they will ask about researcher biases, errors of facts, or if data gathered accurately describes the phenomenong being studied
These questions will help strengthen the overall project
Quality Assurance Strategies related to Presentation of Qualitative Research
Thick and Contextualized Description - vivid portrayal of study participants, their context, and the phenomenon under study
Researcher Credibility
Researcher Credibility
enhancing confidence by sharing relevant aspects of the researcher’s experience, credentials and motivation in qualitative research
ex: 2 researchers looking into neuromusculoskeletal issues worked with children prior to the study and one of them has a kid with the disorder
In qualitative presentation, the more ___ the better
description
Interpretation in qualitative inquiry (Making meaning from the data) relies on what
adequate incubation
Adequate Incubation
the process of living the data
ex: The person should have an AH-HA! moment and you want this moment as well - the AH-HA! moment is what fits everything together and makes sense
What are the similar interpretive issues in qualitative research to quantitative research
Credibility
Meaning
Importance
Transferability
Implications
