Appraising Diagnostic Research Flashcards

1
Q

Reference Interval

A

range of scores that captures individuals without a movement problem.

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2
Q

Cohort Designs

A

most common design for development of diagnostic test.

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3
Q

Prospective cohort study

A

group of participants who are likely to develop a condition or outcome are followed into the future.

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4
Q

retrospective design

A

researchers look back in medical records for information about their participants that relates to their research question

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5
Q

prospective studies of diagnostic tests plan to collect what?

A

collect data on both the clinical test under the study and a gold standard comparison test

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6
Q

prospective design can be either

A

cross sectional or longitudinal

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7
Q

cross sectional study

A

participants are sampled and measured at one point in time (prospective, cross-sectional) data obtained once and within a short time frame

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8
Q

longitudinal design

A

participants are followed over a longer time frame to determine is target condition is confirmed.

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9
Q

Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADS)

A

includes 14 questions to guide the appraisal of the applicability and quality of diagnostic study.

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10
Q

A dichotmous variable has how many categories ?

A

2 - an example of this (gender: female and male)

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11
Q

continuous variables used for diagnostic studies -

A

has a specific cutoff point is determined to define a positive and negative result

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12
Q

false postitive

A

person is negative for the condition according to the gold standard but tests positive on the reference test

Is a type I error - alpha

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13
Q

false negative

A

person test positive on the gold standard but negative on the reference test

Type II error - beta

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14
Q

sensitivity (snout)

A

ability to rule out a condition.
Does not have a lot of false negatives

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15
Q

specificity (spin)

A

Ability to rule in a condition

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16
Q

receiver operating characteristics curve

A

is a graphic representation of the sensitivity and specificity values that are generated from a series of cutoff points.

17
Q

positive predictive value

A

are computed from the rows in 2x2 table

18
Q

positive predictive value express what?

A

participants with a positive result on the reference test who also have a positive result on the gold-standard.

19
Q

negative predictive vale

A

participants with a negative result on the reference test who also have negative results on the gold-standard test.

20
Q

likelihood ratios

A

Change of probability

21
Q

positive likelihood ratio

A

expresses the numeric value of a positive test of the movement problem is present versus absent

22
Q

negative likelihood ratio

A

expresses the numeric value of a negative test if the movement problem is present

23
Q

pretest probability

A

can be estimated from the prevalence of the problem in the population

24
Q

posttest probability

A

the problem exists, thereby warranting performance of the test

25
Q

clinical prediction rules

A

sets of validated predictor variables that characterize patients and that are used to make a specific diagnosis, prognosis, or referral to another professional