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Appraisal Flashcards

1
Q

One of the first scales to differentiate between children who could or could not function in a regular classroom was

  • Simon
  • Binet
  • Thorndike
  • Otis
A

Binet

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2
Q

The Council for the accreditation of counseling and related educational programs (CACREP) expects counselors to have studies in assessment and evaluation in allmost the following areas EXCEPT

  • Theoretical and historical bases for assessment techniques
  • Ethical considerations in appraisal
  • Developing tests for use with specific populations
  • Reliability, including methods for establishing stability, internal, and equivalent reliability
A

Developing tests for use with specific populations

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3
Q

The Test User Qualifications Working Group advocates comprehensive assessment. This involves

  • Administering a structured psychological history
  • Getting information from the psychosocial history to integrate with test scores as part of interpretation
  • Giving the individual an intelligence test to identify the range of his abilities
  • Giving the individual a complete battery of cognitive, personality and aptitude tests
A

Getting information from the psychosocial history to integrate with test scores as part of interpretation

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4
Q

What question would Fitzherbert use to identify retarded children?

  • What are the 4 seasons of the year?
  • Count to 20
  • Repeat 5 digits backwards
  • How old are you?
A

How old are you?

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5
Q

What test was developed during World War I to screen emotionally disturbed recruits?

  • Woodworth Personal Data Sheet
  • Jung word association test
  • Bell adjustment inventory
  • Rorschach Inkblot test
A

Woodworth Personal Data Sheet

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6
Q

What was the finding of Bakke v. California?

  • Universities were allowed to admit anyone they wanted to
  • Open admission was allowed in State universities
  • The court decided that the practice had no adverse impact
  • The quota system for minority groups in professional schools was struck down
A

The quota system for minority groups in professional schools was struck down

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7
Q

What Public Law is PL 101-336?

  • Education of the handicapped
  • Americans with disabilities Act
  • Family education rights and privacy Act
  • Perkins Vocational and Technical Act
A

Americans with disabilities Act

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8
Q

What role does testing have in business and industry today?

  • The court system has had little impact on testing
  • The controversy over testing has led to fairer tests & testing practices for minority groups
  • The role of testing is rapidly changing with new technologies available
  • There is less testing in industry than 10 years ago
A

The controversy over testing has led to fairer tests & testing practices for minority groups

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9
Q

What law extends the right to a free & appropriate education to all children age 3 and above?

  • PL 98-524
  • PL84-142
  • PL99-457
  • PL101-336
A

PL99-457

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10
Q

Which professional group has identified 10 standards for evaluation, diagnosis, and intervention?

  • MCME
  • ACA
  • APA
  • CPR
A

APA

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11
Q

The most widely used statistic in testing of variability is

  • The regression coefficient
  • The standard deviation
  • The mean
  • The range
A

The standard deviation

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12
Q

A bar graph used to portray the distribution of test data is called

  • A frequency distribution
  • A cumulative frequency graph
  • A frequency polygon
  • A histogram
A

A histogram

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13
Q

What type of statistical procedure would be a good way to summarize the scores on a test in 10-20 intervals?

  • Frequency distribution
  • Histogram
  • Frequency polygon
  • Pie chart
A

Frequency distribution

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14
Q

The coach assigns the rank of 1 to the fastest runner, 2 to the next fastest, etc. What type of scale is being used here?

  • Ratio
  • Nominal
  • Interval
  • Ordinal
A

Ordinal

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15
Q

The process by which a large number of test scores are reduced to a smaller number in order to determine construct validity is called

  • Factor analysis
  • Regression analysis
  • Discriminate analysis
  • Analysis of variance
A

Factor analysis

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16
Q

What type of reliability coefficient provides important information about the stability of tests?

  • Alternate forms
  • Cronbach alpha
  • Split-half
  • Test-retest
A

Test-retest

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17
Q

A researcher gives two equivalent forms of the same test in order to determine a coefficient of equivalence. She is using what type of reliability?

  • Kuder-Richardson
  • Test-retest
  • Alternate forms
  • Split-half
A

Alternate forms

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18
Q

What measurement concept relates to the consistency, dependability, and repeatability of a test?

  • Validity
  • Readability
  • Reliability
  • Cognitive complexity
A

Reliability

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19
Q

What is the first major responsibility of the examiner?

  • Check to see if the test needs to be modified?
  • Know all about the test
  • Insure that the client has the most appropriate test environment
  • Read the test over so that the items are presented fluently
A

Know all about the test

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20
Q

What test source allows the counselor to read and evaluate technical information about the test?

  • Tests III
  • The publisher’s catalog
  • Journal of educational measurement
  • A specimen set from the publisher
A

A specimen set from the publisher

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21
Q

What primary information do test companies require from professionals who want to purchase tests?

  • Training level
  • Educational background
  • Professional credentials
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

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22
Q

Whose theory of intelligence is based on fluid and crystallized intelligence?

  • Piaget
  • Gardner
  • Wechsler
  • Cattell
A

Cattell

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23
Q

Who conceptualized intelligence as the aggregate or global ability of the individual to act purposefully, the think rationally, and to deal effectively with his/her environment?

  • Wechsler
  • Otis
  • Binet
  • Cattell
A

Wechsler

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24
Q

Which test measures intelligence & achievement for children aged 2 years 6 months to 12 years 6 months?

  • Slosson intelligence test
  • Wechsler intelligence scale for children
  • Stanford-Binet intelligence scale
  • Kaufmann Assessment Battery for children
A

Kaufmann Assessment Battery for children

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25
Q

What aptitude test is primarily used by the US Employment Service and takes 150 minutes?

  • DAT
  • ASVAB
  • GATB
  • FACT
A

GATB

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26
Q

The Peabody Individual Achivement Test, the Wide Range Achievement Test, and the Keymath Diagnostic Arithmetic Test are all examples of achievement tests used for

  • Placement
  • Diagnostic purposes
  • Interpretation
  • Instructional purposes
A

Diagnostic purposes

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27
Q

When the observer is part of the observational situation, it is known as:

  • Unstructured observation
  • Clinical observation
  • Unobtrusive observation
  • Participant observation
A

Participant observation

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28
Q

What inventory measures extrinsic and intrinsic life/career values?

  • Work environment preference inventory
  • COPES
  • Minnesota importance questionnaire
  • Values scale
A

Values scale

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29
Q

What type of ability is most often tested in industry?

  • Social
  • Communication
  • Clerical
  • Computer
A

Clerical

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30
Q

What happened as a result of the use of tests during World War I?

  • Use declined after the war
  • Use of tests was not viewed as necessary
  • Use increased dramatically in schools and industry
  • Individual testing rather than group testing was advocated
A

Use increased dramatically in schools and industry

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31
Q

The major uses of tests, as identified by the American Counseling Assocaition (1998) include all of the following EXCEPT

  • Tests alone can be used to evaluate student progress
  • Tests can serve descriptive and diagnostic purposes
  • Test data are used in placement & selection of individuals in business, industry & education
  • Tests can predict success in educational programs
A

Tests alone can be used to evaluate student progress

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32
Q

What was the Court decision concerning the fairness of the Florida State Student Assessment Test in the court decision of Debra P v. Turlington?

  • The case was withdrawn from court
  • The test was found to be discriminatory
  • The schools claimed the test was valid
  • The test was found to not be discriminatory
A

The test was found to not be discriminatory

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33
Q

What law gives parents the right to examine their children’s academic records?

  • PL 98-524
  • PL 99-457
  • PL 101-336
  • PL 94-142
A

PL 94-142

34
Q

What type of curve would you expect to see if a classroom test was given and all but a few students tended to get pretty much all the items right?

  • Negatively skewed
  • Positively skewed
  • Cannot tell from the information given
  • More or less a normal curve
A

Negatively skewed

35
Q

A test of abstract reasoning is found to have a low correlation with a test of concrete reasoning. This is an example of

  • Consequential validation
  • Discriminant variation
  • Construct validation
  • Convergent validation
A

Discriminant variation

36
Q

What is the best source of the cost & current information on a test?

  • ERIC/AE
  • ETS test collection
  • Tests in Print
  • Publishers catalog
A

Publishers catalog

37
Q

Whose model of intelligence consisted of 2 factors: a) a general ability factor that each individual has, and b) specific factors that vary for each task undertaken

  • Binet
  • Wechsler
  • Thurstone
  • Spearman
A

Spearman

38
Q

What test measures aptitude for general academic & career areas that encompass most military work?

  • General aptitude test battery
  • Armed services vocational aptitude battery
  • Differential aptitude test
  • Primary mental abilities test
A

Armed services vocational aptitude battery

39
Q

A counselor wants to observe & record the presence or absence of specific behaviors in a given situation. What techniques or type of instrument would be best to use?

  • Rating scale
  • Checklist
  • Anecdotal record
  • Log
A

Checklist

40
Q

One of the most widely used interest inventories that requires the individual to do self assessment is:

  • Kuder preference schedule
  • Self directed search
  • Career occupational preference system
  • Strong interest inventory
A

Self directed search

41
Q

The primary purpose for applying statistical analyses to test data is to explain

  • Deviation
  • Variance
  • Normality
  • Central tendency
A

Variance

42
Q

A counselor administered a 100 item multiple choice “occupational information” test to a group of 236 persons. Respondents received one point for each correct answer. The counselor calculated a mean of 87 and a standard deviation of 11 for the group. Even before reviewing individual scores, the counselor correctly concluded that:

  • Many people did very poorly in the test
  • Many people did very well in the test
  • Some people cheated on the test
  • No person achieved a perfect score
A

Many people did very well in the test

43
Q

“If test performance is to be interpreted as a sample of performance or as a definition of performance in some universe of situations, the test manual should give a clear definition of the universe represented.” This statement is made in reference to

  • Construct validity
  • Content validity
  • Internal reliability
  • Normative data
A

Content validity

44
Q

Which of the following would increase the standard error of measurement of a test?

  • Having each respondent score his/her test
  • Adding items of similar difficulty to the test
  • Increasing the heterogeneity of the items
  • Increasing the time limit for responding
A

Having each respondent score his/her test

45
Q

Which test invovles asking the examinee to copy abstract designs onto a blank sheet of paper in order to measure visual-motor perception?

  • Sentence completion
  • Thematic apperception test
  • House-tree-person
  • Bender visual motor gestalt test
A

Bender visual motor gestalt test

46
Q

A child draws tiny figures with short arms and no eyes. What personality construct is evident in the drawing?

  • Poor motor coordination
  • Low self-concept
  • Poor integration
  • Depression
A

Depression

47
Q

Self-concept measures were developed under which theoretical approach?

  • Behavioral
  • Humanistic
  • Psychodynamic
  • Trait
A

Humanistic

48
Q

When a child has difficulty expressing her feelings, what might prove to be the best alternative method?

  • Clay
  • Toys
  • Puppets
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

49
Q

This method is charcterized by a verbal stimulus of at least one sentence that is used to investigate children’s fantasies, attitudes, and defense mechanisms.

  • Story completion test
  • Picture story test
  • Ink blot test
  • Sentence completion test
A

Story completion test

50
Q

Which theorist shortened a list of literally thousands of adjectives describing human traits to arrive at a set of 16 “primary source traits of personality”?

  • Rogers
  • Cattell
  • Maslow
  • Jung
A

Cattell

51
Q

Which noted counselor believed that assessment results were not valuable?

  • H. Murray
  • C. Rogers
  • A. Maslow
  • B.F. Skinner
A

C. Rogers

52
Q

In what kind of observation is the counselor responsible for not only conducting a group but also monitoring its behavior?

  • Systematic observation
  • Participant observation
  • Nonparticipant observation
  • Structured observation
A

Participant observation

53
Q

A person’s behavior may be quite different when the clinet knows he is being observed. This is known as

  • Masking
  • Pygmalion effect
  • Response set
  • Reactivity
A

Reactivity

54
Q

What kind of interview calls for the counselor to ask each client the same questions in the same manner?

  • Psychosocial interview
  • Psychiatric interview
  • Unstructured interview
  • Structured interview
A

Structured interview

55
Q

This model was influenced by the theories of Murray & Rapaport, is holistic & attempts to describe the client in a number of ways.

  • Psychodiagnostic
  • Holistic
  • Behavioral
  • Psychoanalytic
A

Psychodiagnostic

56
Q

A process of observation that allows the observer to see how a person behaves & performs in normal everyday functioning is called

  • Interviews
  • Focus group
  • Naturalistic observation
  • Direct observation
A

Naturalistic observation

57
Q

What instrument would you choose if you wnated information about personal, social, adaptive, motor, communication, and cognitive skills in children from birth to 8 years old?

  • McCarthy scale of children’s ability
  • Battelle developmental inventory
  • DIAL-R
  • Children’s adaptive behavior scale
A

Battelle developmental inventory

58
Q

Environmental assessment has its roots in the _________ approach to counseling.

  • Psychodynamic
  • Phenomenological
  • Psychological
  • Behavioral
A

Phenomenological

59
Q

The following are limitations of computer-administered tests EXCEPT:

  • They depersonalize the client
  • They introduce test bias
  • They discriminate between normal & pathological responses
  • They interface poorly with clients
A

They discriminate between normal & pathological responses

60
Q

A raw score expressed in standard deviation units is a:

  • Percentile
  • Z score
  • Stanine
  • Standard error
A

Z Score

61
Q

Measurement involves:

  • Making decisions by applying value judgments to test results
  • Subjective interpretation of quantitative data
  • Assignment of number to attributes of persons
  • Statistical analysis to differentiate among people or attributes
A

Assignment of number to attributes of persons

62
Q

A standardized test is one for which:

  • the test is widely used throughout the country
  • there is uniformity in administration & scoring procedures
  • The test is published by a highly reputable testing company
  • reviews are readily available in the professional literature
A

here is uniformity in administration & scoring procedures

63
Q

A respondent obtained a score of 33.0 on a test having a mean of 36.00 and a standard error of measurement of 3.50. The counselor concluded that there was an approximately 96% chance that on any occasion the repsondent’s score on this test would be between

  • 29.50 and 36.50
  • 32.50 and 39.50
  • 26.00 and 40.00
  • 29.00 and 43.00
A

26.00 and 40.00

64
Q

Suppose that a personnel officer of The Big Corporation calls you, a counselor, and asks you to relate the achievement and other test scores of one of your counselees who is 16 years old and who has applied for a job in that corporation. Which of the following is the appropriate ethical response?

  • “I shall only provide you with the counselee’s performance on tests that I have adminstered personally.”
  • “I can only make this information available to you if I receive a written request to do so from the counselee’s parents.”
  • “I cannot release test results to persons outside of the agency with which I am affiliated if my supervisor approves.”
  • “I can only make this information available to you if I am asked to do so by the counselee.”
A

“I can only make this information available to you if I receive a written request to do so from the counselee’s parents.”

65
Q

An intelligence test with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 is given to all 1500 students in a school to estimate who would qualify for a gifted student program. Assuming a normal distribution of the intelligence test scores, if the cutoff for entrance into the program was set at 130, approximately how many students would be eligible for the program based on their test scores?

  • 15
  • 30
  • 150
  • 300
A

30

66
Q

The primary advantage of using personality inventories over personal interactions with clients to assess client’s traits and characteristics is in regard to

  • Efficiency
  • Effectiveness
  • Decisiveness
  • Comprehensiveness
A

Efficiency

67
Q

The American Counseling Association Code of Ethics specifically notes that professional counselors should be particularly cautious in interpreting the results of persons who:

  • are members of minority groups
  • have visual impairments
  • have learning disabilities
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

68
Q

For which of the following types of tests is predictive validity generally considered to be the most relevant type?

  • Achievement
  • Personality
  • Intelligence
  • Aptitude
A

Aptitude

69
Q

Which of the following provides the primary standards and guidelines for development of assessment instruments and procedures?

  • Responsibilities of users of standardized tests
  • Code of fair testing practices
  • Standards for educational and psychological testing
  • ACA Code of ethics
A

Standards for educational and psychological testing

70
Q

A counselor who gives a test without explaining the purpose of the test to the respondent(s) is guilty of violation of the

  • Family educational rights and privacy act
  • Code of fair testing practices
  • Guidelines for the protection of human subjects
  • Standards for educational and psychological testing
A

Code of fair testing practices

71
Q

The use of personality inventories to help assign persons to predetermined categories or classifications of psychological functioning usually occurs within a process known as

  • selection
  • configuration
  • diagnosis
  • validation
A

diagnosis

72
Q

A primary benefit of the use of “completion technique” projective personality assessments is that they

  • allow for application of complex theories of personality
  • usually reveal what’s at the forefront of the respondent’s consciousness.
  • result in better interpretations because of the training required for their use.
  • are less susceptible to response bias than are other projective techniques
A

usually reveal what’s at the forefront of the respondent’s consciousness.

73
Q

The usefulness and value of the norms provided by a test developer are primarily contingent upon the

  • number of people included in the norm group
  • range of scores among the norm group
  • length of the test for which the norms were developed
  • types of people included in the norm group
A

types of people included in the norm group

74
Q

If spelling ability correlated +.60 with grades, how could you best interpret this finding?

  • Of the factors associated with spelling ability, 60% are also associated with grades.
  • Of the variance related to spelling ability, 36% is also related to course grades.
  • Students with good spelling ability generally get low grades and vice versa.
  • There is a moderate to strong tendency for spelling ability to result in high grades.
A

Of the variance related to spelling ability, 36% is also related to course grades.

75
Q

Which of the following is considered ethical practice according to the ACA Code of Ethics?

  • Providing respondents information highly similar to that contained in the test.
  • Altering test instructions to allow for local variation in administration
  • Conducting activities to reduce test anxiety prior to administration of a test
  • Photocopying extra copies of a test and forwarding appropriate payment to the publisher
A

Conducting activities to reduce test anxiety prior to administration of a test

76
Q

The major difference between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced measurements is in regard to the

  • accuracy of the scoring procedures
  • types of items included
  • basis for interpreting results
  • generalizability of the results
A

basis for interpreting results

77
Q

A counselor administered a test to a group of 357 persons and found that the mean = 56, median = 54, and mode = 50. The counselor correctly concluded that the distribution had a

  • negative skew
  • positive skew
  • negative kurtosis
  • positive kurtosis
A

positive skew

78
Q

Each of the following procedures is usually involved in establishing the construct validity of a test EXCEPT

  • differentiating between the construct & similar constructs
  • obtaining judgments of the inadequacy of the definition of the construct
  • developing empirical indices of construct validity
  • justifying the need or value of the construct
A

justifying the need or value of the construct

79
Q

The reliability of a test appropriate for a group of respondents is never perfect (ie r=100) because

  • respondents don’t interpret items in exactly the same ways
  • test items never measure constructs or objectives perfectly
  • error components of test results fluctuate
  • scoring accuracy vacillates over occasions
A

error components of test results fluctuate

80
Q

A verbal test is one in which the respondents must

  • vocalize responses to a trained administrator
  • have command of the language in order to perform effectively
  • understand instructions that are presented orally
  • translate orally presented items into written responses
A

have command of the language in order to perform effectively

BB Flash Cards Comp (6 decks)

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