applied linguistics ch 1-3

Question 1

what is “concerned with solving
or at least ameliorating social problems involving language.”

Answer 1

Applied linguistics

Question 2

the theoretical and empirical investigation of real-world problems in which language is a central issue

Answer 2

Applied linguistics

Question 3

true or false :
applied linguistic is using what we know about (the language) , how it is learned and how it is used to solve a problem or achieve some purpose in the real world

Answer 3

true

Question 4

true or false :
the primary concerns of Applied Linguistics have
been first language acquisition theory, second language
pedagogy and the interface between the two, and it is these areas
which this volume will cover”

Answer 4

false

Question 5

choose :
concerns of applied linguistics:

a) second language acquisition
b) second language pedagogy
c) grammatical function
d) all of the above
e) a and b

Answer 5

e

Question 6

true or false:

Grabe‟s definition is
not far away: “the focus of applied linguistics is on trying to resolve
content-based problems that people encounter in the real world

Answer 6

false -language

Question 7

true or false :
the distinction between
real and non-real in “applied linguistics” is a clear line .

Answer 7

false - flaky

Question 8

true or false :

Kaplan proposed that applied linguistics is
simply not in the business of developing new theories. Its concern is with
new data.

Answer 8

t

Question 9

t or f:
linguistics is concerned with new data

Answer 9

f: new theories

Question 10

t or f :

the linguistics that will
be of most use to the upcoming applied linguistics will be analytic
linguistics

Answer 10

f- descriptive

Question 11

t or f :
applied linguistics is more of a subject than a discipline

Answer 11

t-

Question 12

t or f :

it may be appropriate for
linguistics to study scientific texts does not mean that science is part of linguistics.

Answer 12

t

Question 13

who said : “by nature we retain best
what is learned in our tenderest years.”

a) me
b) a guy from the roman rhetorician Quintilian.
c) another guy from the 17th century

Answer 13

b

Question 14

in the belief that
“free curiosity has a more positive effect on learning than necessity and
fear.”

Answer 14

intrinsic motivation

Question 15

wo supported the belief that “free curiosity has a more positive effect on learning than necessity and
fear.”

Answer 15

Around 400 ad, St Augustine

Question 16

advocated an inductive approach to learning?

Answer 16

St Augustine

Question 17

“secondlanguage” refer only to the language a person learns after his first one.

t or f

Answer 17

f - any langauge “second or third

Question 18

what the different between a “second language” and a “foreign language”

Answer 18

between a “second” language,
which has societal functions in the community where it is learnt (e.g.,
English in India or English as learnt by an immigrant to the USA), and a
“foreign” language, which is learnt for contact outside the community
(e.g., French as learnt in the UK).

Question 19

In the early days of second language
learning studies, this goal was conceived primarily in terms of communicative competence

Answer 19

f - grammar and vocabulary

Question 20

discourse competence have been traditional focus of second language learning

t or f

Answer 20

f - linguistic competence

Question 21

pragmatic competence, which enables speakers to engage by linking ideas in longer written texts,
maintaining longer spoken turns, participating in interaction, opening
conversations and closing them;

t or f

Answer 21

f- discourse competence

Question 22

sociocultural competence involves knowing the suitable degree of formality and directness
t or f

Answer 22

f - sociolinguistic

Question 23

sociocultural competence includes awareness of the
background knowledge and cultural assumptions which affect
meanings

t or f

Answer 23

true

Question 24

transfer is how student relate what they learn with what they previously know about the language.

t or f

Answer 24

false - generalization

Question 25

generalization is relation what we learn in second language with our mother tongue. true of false

Answer 25

false- transfer

Question 26

generalization is not only a hindrance to learning but also a major cause of error. true or false ?

Answer 26

false- transfer

Question 27

appropriate transfer from French to English is: a) over using the present perfect b) omitting the articles c) understanding relative clauses

Answer 27

c

Question 28

transfer from French into English that lead to error is the logical object that becomes a grammatical subject in the passive form. true or false

Answer 28

false- appropriate transfer

Question 29

transfer between two close languages can make learning easier true or false

Answer 29

true

Question 30

................ the ability to go beyond the information given.

Answer 30

generalization

Question 31

generalization can be seen the clearist when student are forming correctly. t or f

Answer 31

f- when we see it in errors

Question 32

overgeneralization can only happen in linguistic competence. t or f

Answer 32

f - also higher levels of discourse

Question 33

the phrase "what's the matter " is linguistic overgeneralization. true or false

Answer 33

false- they are over used from what is wrong ? to when asking for help

Question 34

when a German speaker says " I would have it done!" instead of " I would have done it " is a n example of a) transfer b) generalization c) both

Answer 34

both

Question 35

the Italian error " i think to go to Spain" is …..

Answer 35

overgeneralization and transfer

Question 35

simplification happens in the later stages of learning a new language. t or f

Answer 35

f

Question 36

" tea there !" is a example of ............ a) generalization b) simplification c) transfer d) both transfer and simplication

Answer 36

d

Question 37

formulaic speech is an example of simplification. true or false

Answer 37

false- imitation

Question 38

formulaic speech can only happen if you master the grammar point +. true or false

Answer 38

false

Question 39

when a teacher highlights the form that is a use of imitation. true or false

Answer 39

false- generalization

Question 40

the communicative methods where introduced in the 1960s and 1970s. true or false

Answer 40

false 1970s -1980s

Question 41

their was a greater focus on competence in language testing in the 1980s. true or false

Answer 41

false- performance

Question 42

what are the rules for a practical test. a) knowledge of the grammar b)control of language under real time. c) talk within the context given d) b and c

Answer 42

b and c

Question 43

language testing is more of a sun genre of language teaching and doesn't represent a core area in AL. true or false

Answer 43

false - there are in fact grounds for the view that language testing represents one of the core areas of applied linguistics.

Question 44

language tests control access to international education by students studying through the medium of a second language. true or false

Answer 44

true

Question 45

the importance of language tests is a function of the social and financial roles they play. true or false

Answer 45

false - social and political

Question 46

the idea of formal language tests occurred in japan. where they were used for the selection of individuals who would go on to be trained to be the ruling elite. true or false

Answer 46

false- china

Question 47

language tests control the transition between school and higher education in some countries. t or f

Answer 47

true

Question 48

...........is a process of gathering information about test-takers from observed performance under test conditions.

Answer 48

language testing

Question 49

language testing is the target of test inference. true or false

Answer 49

false - is the mean of drawing the inference

Question 50

criterion is the target of language testing ?

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

A language test is used to predict the student’s ability to cope with the demands of the university settings. true or false

Answer 51

true

Question 52

tests that require a need for a general or overall sense of the second language ability of the test-taker are known as … a) language test b) constructing tests c) proficiency test

Answer 52

c

Question 53

the ability to take part in communicative events depend on both the knowledge of linguists and sociolinguistic conventions true or false

Answer 53

true

Question 54

sociolinguistic competence is ..... a) control of the linguistic system (including grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation) b) knowledge of the way language use is shaped by cultural conventions in particular communities of use

Answer 54

b

Question 55

the ability to cope communicatively when one’s linguistic resources are not fully adequate is .................. a) pragmatic knowledge b) sociolinguistic competence c) sociocultural competence d) strategic competence

Answer 55

d

Question 56

the ability to construct coherent texts in speech and writing..... a) pragmatic knowledge b) sociolinguistic competence c) discourse competence d) strategic competence

Answer 56

c

Question 57

...............................deliberate samples, in this case of an individual’s language knowledge or language behavior, in order to reach a conclusion about the likely general state of that person’s knowledge or ability

Answer 57

language tests

Question 58

language tests doesn't require technical expertise. true or false

Answer 58

false

Question 59

................... the process of gathering arguments and evidence in support of the interpretations and uses we may wish to make of test scores a) test dependability b) test validity c) test construction

Answer 59

b

Question 60

tests are a value-neutral activities. true or false

Answer 60

false- it involves implication of social value

Question 61

the representativeness of test content......... a) criterion validity b) construct validity c) content validity

Answer 61

c

Question 62

concerning the coherence and defensibility of the theory (of knowledge, skill, and so on) on which the test is based a) criterion validity b) construct validity c) content validity

Answer 62

b

Question 63

the extent to which measures produced by the test makes sense in the light of other relevant measures. a) criterion validity b) construct validity c) content validity

Answer 63

a

Question 64

.............................is the process of investigating the meaningfulness and defensibility of the inferences we make about individuals based on their test performance.

Answer 64

test validation

Question 65

.........................is the process of investigating the relationship between the claims of the test and evidence in support of these claims, both from the test scores themselves, or from independent evidence. a) test scores b) test investigation c) validation of language tests

Answer 65

c

Question 66

“the extent to which an individual possesses specific language learning ability is called language proficiency. true or false.

Answer 66

false - language aptitude

Question 66

current level of attainment in second language is ….. a) language proficiency b) language aptitude

Answer 66

a

Question 66

can be measured before an individual commences second language study...... a) language proficiency b) language aptitude

Answer 66

b

Question 67

language tests have a fundamental political character. true or false

Answer 67

true

Question 68

tests can have a wash back effect, which means students can feel motivated and subconsciously do better on their next test. true or false

Answer 68

false- means that they may result in instructional programs or teaching practices changing to reflect the test contents because language teachers want their students to do well on high stakes tests for many different reasons

Question 69

tests (continuous, ongoing evaluation) and assessments ((given at a single point in time) t or

Answer 69

f - the opposite

Question 70

tests are usually contextualized . true or false

Answer 70

f - assessment

Question 71

assessments are usually informal/ t or f

Answer 71

t

Question 72

tests are ongoing and continuous. t or f

Answer 72

f- assessments

Question 73

tests deemphasize the grade or score t or f

Answer 73

f - assessments

Question 74

the OPI is a written test by the British council. t or f

Answer 74

f - oral proficiency test by the ACTFL

Question 75

the probe stage of the OPI is designed to provide a short context for interactive language use t or f

Answer 75

f- designed to see if the student can perform at a higher proficiency level

Question 76

the role-play stage at the OPI is designed to determine the proficiency level — Novice, etc. t or f

Answer 76

f level check

Question 77

Probe is (designed to see if the student can perform at a higher proficiency level. t or f

Answer 77

t

Question 78

The OPI TEST takes about 45 min t or f

Answer 78

f - 20 to 25 min

Question 79

thee OPI has five stages t or f

Answer 79

t

Question 80

the goal of a role play in the OPI is to see if the student can handle a simulated real-life situation. t or f

Answer 80

true

Question 81

Another way of integrating teaching and testing is the use of portfolios and scoring rubrics t or f

Answer 81

true

Question 82

culture is intricately related to language and but due to its complexity it can be avoided in ESL. t or f

Answer 82

f - culture is intricately related to language and therefore cannot be avoided when a foreign language is taught.

Question 83

....................s a broad term which involves the systematic way of gathering reliable and relevant information for the purpose of making decisions. a) evaluation b) assessment c) tests

Answer 83

a

Question 83

Evaluation can make use of tests but it is not limited to such forms. t or f

Answer 83

t

Question 84

................used to assess and provide early feedback on the students’ learning before tests, midterm and final exams are administered. a) evaluation b) assessment

Answer 84

b

Question 85

formative assessments are usually in the form of formal tests . t or f

Answer 85

f - summative

Question 86

formative assessment are in the form of informal tests and quizzes. t or f

Answer 86

t

Question 87

..........................is used to monitor the students’ progress during a course, to check how much they have learnt of what they should have learnt

Answer 87

formative

Question 87

...................s used at the end of a term, a semester, or a year, to assess how much has been achieved by individuals or groups.

Answer 87

summative assessments

Question 88

............................ in the social sciences is the process of quantifying the characteristics of persons according to explicit procedures and rules a) tests b) evaluation c) measurements

Answer 88

c

Question 89

consistently provide accurate measures of precisely the abilities in which we are interested is the criteria of washback. t or f

Answer 89

false - validity - reliability

Question 89

have a beneficial effect on teaching (in those cases where the tests are likely to influence teaching is the criteria of washback t or f

Answer 89

t

Question 89

......................refers to the degree to which the gathered empirical evidence supports the adequacy and appropriateness of the inferences that are made from the scores a) reliability b) validity c) measurement

Answer 89

b

Question 90

… relates to the perceived content of the test and its perceived effect. a) external validity b) internal validity c) construct validity

Answer 90

b

Question 91

............refers to the surface credibility or public acceptability of the test. It involves intuitive judgment about the test content. a) content validity b) face validity c) respond validity

Answer 91

b

Question 92

.............shows whether the test contains a representative sample of the relevant language skills. It can be proved by a systematic analysis of the test content carried out by experts a) content validity b) face validity c) respond validity

Answer 92

a

Question 93

................. relates to procedures which compare students’ test scores with measures of their ability taken from outside the test. a) external validity b) internal validity c) construct validity

Answer 93

a

Question 94

concurrent validity happen at the same time as the test. t or f

Answer 94

t

Question 95

..................comparing the test scores of the candidates with some other measure for the same candidates taken roughly at the same time as the test. a) concurrent validation b) predictive validation

Answer 95

a

Question 95

.............nvolves comparing the students’ test scores with some other external measure taken some time after the test has been administered. a) concurrent validation b) predictive validation

Answer 95

b

Question 95

validity refers to the consistency with which a test can be scored, that is, consistency from person to person, time to time or place to place. t or f

Answer 95

f - Reliability

Question 96

Reliability of scoring can be achieved more easily with objectively scored tests (e.g. tests of writing and speaking comprehension), t or f

Answer 96

f - listening and reading

Question 97

...................is achieved if the same scorer gives the same set of oral performances or written texts the same scores on two different occasions. a) intra-rater reliability b) inter-rater reliability

Answer 97

a

Question 98

....................refers to the degree of consistency of scores given by two or more scorers to the same set of oral performances or written texts. a) intra-rater reliability b) inter-rater reliability

Answer 98

b

Question 99

..................y refers to the efficiency in terms of the necessary equipment, the time needed for setting, administering or marking the test a) validity b) practicality c) reliability

Answer 99

b

Question 100

a test that in reliable must be valid. but a valid test may not be reliable. t or f

Answer 100

f - the opposite

Question 101

if the teaching is poor but the testing is good there will be harmful washback. t or f

Answer 101

f - the teaching is good but the testing id bad