Applied Diagnostic Midterm Flashcards
WhWhat is the most commonly isolated bacteria from sinusitis?
Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus
-This is also the most common agent for pneumonia in horses
Describe the distribution and pattern for each
Suppurative bronchopneumonia
Fibrinous bronchopneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Embolic pneumonia
Granulamatous pneumonia
-cranioventral and firm
-cranioventral and firm
-diffuse and elastic
-multifocal and nodular
-multifocal and nodular
What is triage?
to sort
How do you triage a dog or cat?
Assess the cardiovascular, respiratory, and brain systmes
If you do a blood smear and you see a morula within a neutrophil, what are two things it could be?
Erlichia ewingii and A. phagocytophilium
E. ewingii only causes _ disease
What is a main sign?
acute
polyarthritis
What does Anaplasma cause?
granulocytic anaplasmosis
Where does ricketsiia replicate and what can it cause?
vasculature
thrombosis and hemorrahge
How do we treat H.americanum?
TMS treatment for 2 weeks then deconquinate for 2 years
What can anemia be due to?
Loss
-Induced (trauma, parasites)
-Spontaneous (thrombocytopenia, DIC, coagulopathies
Destruction (infection, immune mediated, drugs, DIC)
Hypoplasia
-Refractory (anemia of chronic disease, renal failure)
-Bone marrow (aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, drugs, immune, neoplasia, idiopathic)
A dog walks into your clinic. You notice on physical exam he is lethargic and hasnt been eating. He has pale MM, is tachycardic, and has strong bounding pulses, what do you think could be a strong differential?N
Anemia
Can you confirm rapid blood loss with blood work?
no
What patterns would we see on PCV and TS with loss? desctruction? hypoplasia?
Loss ->early on normal PCV and slightly increase TS or increased
Late -> Low PCV, low TS
Desctruction ->TS can be increased or normal, low PCV
Hypoplasia ->PCV decreased, normal or increased TS
CBC results for loss? destruction? hypoplasia?
Loss -> higher reticulocyte count
Destruction ->Regenerative anemia, hyperchromic macrocytic
Hypoplasia ->Non regenerative anemia (normocytic normochromic)
What are prazosin and phenoxybanamine?
-alpha adrenergic antagonists
-used to treat pheochromocytomas
What are ace-inhibitors used for?
-first line of treatment in dogs except when they have severe hypertension
When do we treat hypertension?
-severe hypertension
-evidence of Tod with moderate hypertension
-persistent elevated blood pressure with disease associated with hypertension
What are common underlying causes of hypertension in dogs?
-kidney disease
-hyperadrenocorticism
-diabetes mellitus
-pheochromocytoma
What are common underlying causes of hypertension in cats?
-chronic kidney disease
-hyperthryoidism
-drugs
-adrenal disorders
What are common organs that are affected by hypertension
brain, kidneys, eyes, and heart
What does oscillometric work well for vs doppler?
doppler -> small dogs and cats
oscillometric -> medium to large breed dogs
What is the spectrum of action metronidazole?
-anerobes and protozoa
What are phenicols good for?
abscess and intracellular bacteria
What is the spectrum of activity for macrolides and licosamides?
-gram positive aerobes
-anaerobes
What are the spectrum of activity potentiated sulfonamides
-gram positive, gram negative , protozoa
What is the spectrum of activity for tetracyclines
-gram positive, gram negative, anaerobes, ricketssia
What is the spectrum of activiity for fluroquinolones
-gram negative
-staphylococci
-ricketsia
mycoplasma
What drugs are fluorquinolones?
-enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, orbifloxacin, pradofloxacin,
How can you differentiate between adrenal or pituitary Cushings?
endogenous ACTh or ultrasound
How can you assess that an animal is controlling their cushings
ACTH stim test
With monitoring a patient with Cushings what is our goal?
post ACTH cortisol of 1.5-5.5 ug/DL with control of CS
You have a patient with cushings come in for a follow up exam. You run an ACTH stim test to determine if the cushings is being controlled well. You notice the post ACTH cortisol is greater than 5.5. Should you increase the dose?
No. It can take longer to see a complete response at the starting dose
What fluids can you not bolus?
hypotonic fluids
what fluids are isotonic?
LRS, normal saline, normosol R, plasmalyte A