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studies > Applied computing > Flashcards

Applied computing Flashcards

for sac purposes and exam

1
Q

ethernet

A

a widely used networking technology that connects devices in a local area network for high speed data exchange.

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2
Q

WAN(Wide Area Network)

A

Connects computer and LANs over large geographical distances (such as cities, countries, and even globally)

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3
Q

LAN(local area network)

A

a network that connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area (such as home, schools, office)

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4
Q

difference of WAN to LAN(geographically)

A

WAN covers larger areas such as cities, and LAN covers a small area like a building or office

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5
Q

difference of WAN to LAN (in terms of speed)

A

LAN is generally faster due to limited distance and less connected devices, this is different to WAN as they are slower due to large distances and network congestion

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6
Q

The cost difference between LAN and WAN

A

LAN requires much cheaper costs and maintenance. and WAN on the other hand requires higher costs due to the distances and network congestion.

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7
Q

In terms of connection type, what are the differences between WAN and LAN

A

LAN uses ethernet cables, wifi, while that of WANs uses leased lines and satelite links

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8
Q

how about security, what are the difference between WAN and LAN

A

LANs are easier to secure with internal controls, and WAN is more complex to secure and vulnerable to external threats.

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9
Q

WAP (wireless access point)

A

this is a networking device that allows wireless-capable devices to connect to a LAN using Wi-fi or related wireless standards. As we can refer to that the WAP serves as a bridge in between the wired network to wireless devices.

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10
Q

Wi-Fi

A

a wireless network technology that uses radio waves to provide high speed internet

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11
Q

Switch

A

a switch connects network devices (printers, computers, and wireless devices/access points and enables users to exchange data packets)

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12
Q

Back-up

A

the process of creating a copy of data and storing it separately to protect against data loss, corruption or disaster

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13
Q

Full Back-up

A

A complete copy of all data in a system or selected location

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14
Q

Incremental backup

A

only back up data that has changed since the last backup, whether is was a full or another incremental

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15
Q

Mirror back up

A

Creates an exact copy of selected data at a point in time, continuously updated to reflect any changes

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16
Q

Cloud backup

A

back up data to remote servers managed by cloud providers

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17
Q

Virus (computer virus)

A

Attaches itself to legitimate files or programs and spreads to other files, causing damage and disrupting system functions.

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18
Q

Worm

A

self-replacates and spreads across networks without user intervention, often causing network slowdowns or failures

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19
Q

Trojan House

A

It cannot be duplicated, where it disguises itself as legit software to trick users into installing it, the performs malicious actions stealing data

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20
Q

spyware

A

Monitors user activities and collects personal information without consent, often used for tracking browser behavior or gathering sensitive data

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21
Q

Adware

A

Displays unwanted advertisements and may track browsing habits

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22
Q

Ransomware

A

encrypts or locks user data, demanding a random payment to restore access, frequently targeting businesses and individuals.

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23
Q

Rootkit

A

Hides within an operating system to gain unauthorized access, enabling attackers to control the system while evading* detection

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24
Q

Backdoor

A

creates an unauthorized entry point to a system, allowing attackers to bypass normal authentication and gain remote access

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25
Q

Phishing malware

A

delivers malicious links or attachments through deceptive emails or messages, aiming to steal personal or financial information.

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26
Q

internet

A

Global public network connecting Millions of users

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27
Q

Intranet

A

private network for internal use within an organization

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28
Q

internet access and security

A

As it is open to everyone, it is less secure

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29
Q

intranet access and security

A

authorized users only and therefore more secure as access is controlled

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30
Q

key purpose of VPN

A

there is a remote access which enables employees to securely access the company network from any location

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31
Q

key purpose of VPN (2)

A

encrypts sensitive data and protect it from interception or unauthorized access especially on public or insecure networks

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32
Q

key purpose of VPN (3)

A

reduces the need for expensive leased line by allowing secure access over public internet infrastructure

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33
Q

Validation

A

Validation is important in computing because it helps ensure the accuracy and reliability of data, and protects against security threats

34
Q

validation types

A

existence, type, range

35
Q

existence (validation)

A

a function to determine if something is valid

36
Q

type (validation)

A

type validation is a description of a set of values and the operations that can be performed on them

37
Q

range (validation)

A

the set of possible values that a variable can hold or the interval that includes the upper and lower bounds of an array

38
Q

Hungarian Notation

A

a preflix that indicates the type or purpose of the variable, followed by variable name

39
Q

Camel case (camelCase)

A

the first word is lowercase, and each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter

40
Q

Pascal Case (PascalCase)

A

Every word starts with an uppercase letter

41
Q

Snake Case (snake_case)

A

Words are lowercase and separated by underscores

42
Q

Upper Snake Case (UPPER_SNAKE_CASE)

A

a variable naming convention where each word is in upper case and separated by underscores

43
Q

Train Case (Train-Case)

A

a naming convention in computing where words are written in Pascal Case style (where each word starts with an uppercase letter)

44
Q

Hungarian Notation (purpose)

A

Makes the type or role of a variable clear, and helping with debugging and maintenence

45
Q

camelCase (purpose)

A

Improves the readability and compactness by visually separating words without underscores or spaces

46
Q

snake_case (purpose)

A

enhances the readability in languages or environments where underscores are the preferred separator

47
Q

Train-case (purpose)

A

provides clear separation of words, often in titles, file names or documentation

48
Q

Pascal case (purpose)

A

often used to name classes, constructors, or components to distinguish them from variables

49
Q

UPPER_SNAKE_CASE (purpose)

A

indicates constant values that do not change during program execution

50
Q

internal documentation

A

internal documentation is the written explanations, instructions, or comments that is embedded in the code or kept in separate files within a codebase

51
Q

why internal documentation is important

A
  1. it helps clarify code logic
  2. aids debugging and maintenence
  3. speeds up onboarding
52
Q

cloud network

A

cloud-based services to deploy a corporate network that connects an organization’s employees, resources and applications

53
Q

firewall

A

a network security system that that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on fixed security rules.

54
Q

VPN gateway

A

might need change a VPN gateway is a network device that enables encrypted communication between different networks over the internet

55
Q

802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)

A

the speed of it is around 9.6 Gbps

56
Q

network switch

A

connects network devices such as printers, computers and wireless devices / access points, which this enables users to exchange data packets

57
Q

ethernet

A

the ethernet is a system for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local area network, with protocols to control the passing of information to avoid simultaneous transmissions by two or more systems

58
Q

strong password

A
  1. be at least 8 characters
  2. contain both upper and lower cases
  3. have at least one numerical character
59
Q

different acts for computing

A
60
Q

the use of consent forms

A

the purpose of consent forms is to protect the rights of the individual and give them control over their choices

61
Q

the four different kinds of data collection methods

A

Survey, interview, questionnaire, and Forms

62
Q

Forms

A

structured documents for collecting specific data inputs with standardized collection and easy storage. However lacking flexibility and technical issues

63
Q

Questionnaire

A

Written or digital questions to collect specific information that is easy to use and scalable, thus anonymous. However it lacks interactive levels and a risk of misinterpretation by users

64
Q

Interview

A

There is direct interaction to gather detailed information, and that it provides rich insights and personalized interactions. However it is time-consuming and costly

65
Q

Survery

A

there is systematic data collection from a group through structured questions with a wide reach and being cost-effective, but it has limited depth and response bias

66
Q

the two types of data sources

A

Primary data sources and secondary data sources

67
Q

PRIMARY DATA SOURCES

A

is the data that is being collected directly by a researcher for a specific purpose, where examples of this can be surveys, interviews, experiments and observation

Cons: it is time-consuming and costly, thus requires significant effort

68
Q

secondary data sources

A

it is the data collected by others, re-purposed for a different analysis or research, examples of this can be books and articles which make this cost effective. However it may be outdated and less specific to the researcher needs

69
Q

Data

A

data are raw, unprocessed facts and figures

70
Q

Information

A

data that has been processed and given meaning

71
Q

pseudocode

A

Pseudocode is a tool that is used to describe algorithms and processes without using a specific programming language

72
Q

wireframes

A

Wireframes are simple, visual representations of a user interface, focusing on structure and functionality rather than design details

73
Q

the four constraints

A

technical, economic, social, legal

74
Q

Technical constraints

A

there are limitations related to hardware, software, or technological capabilities that affect coding decisions

75
Q

Economic Constraints

A

these are budgetary limitations, including the costs for development, maintenance, tools and resources that influence coding choices and project scope

76
Q

Social constraints

A

there are considerations for user expectations, cultural differences, accessibility, and ethical implications when developing software

77
Q

Legal constraints

A

this is the compliance with laws, regulations

78
Q

functional requirement

A

functional requirements look at the features and operations for users tasks, examples for this can be payment processes, login and data retrieval

79
Q

Non-functional requirement

A

this is more on the decorations and things that do not build up the actual program itself

80
Q

C# (coding language)

A

an enterprise level coding software for games and different applications

81
Q

Bit(8 bits in a byte)

A

contains binary value, usually 0 or 1

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