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RA1 (2) > Applied Anatomy of Gluteal Region and Bony Pelvis > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy of Gluteal Region and Bony Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

3 bones forming hip bone

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
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2
Q

3 joints of pelvis

A
  • Sacrococcygeal joint
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Sacroiliac joint
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3
Q

Organs contained and protected by pelvis

A
  • Distal ureters
  • Bladder
  • Rectum
  • Prostate (M)
  • Uterus (F)
  • Ovaries (F)
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4
Q

Key landmarks of pelvic region

A
  • Pubic tubercle
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Greater trochanter
  • ASIS
  • Iliac crest
  • PSIS
  • Natal cleft
  • Gluteal fold
  • Inguinal ligament
  • Midpoint of inguinal ligament
  • Midinguinal point
  • Supracristal plane
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5
Q

How many vertebrae form the sacrum?

A

5 (S1-5)

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6
Q

What is the sacral promontory?

A

Vertebral body of S1 being very prominent anteriorly

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7
Q

What are the ala of the sacrum?

A

Lateral expansions coming from S1

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8
Q

What is the sacral canal?

A

Tube-shaped structure on posterior aspect of sacrum

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9
Q

What passes through the sacral canal?

A
  • Filum terminale
  • Cauda equina
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10
Q

How many vertebrae form the coccyx?

A

4

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11
Q

What is sacralisation of L5?

A
  • Where L5 fuses with the sacrum
  • Means sacrum has 6 bones
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12
Q

What is lumbarisation of S1?

A
  • Where S1 doesn’t fuse in the sacrum
  • Means sacrum has 4 bones
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13
Q

Male vs female pelvic inlets

A
  • M = more heart-shaped, narrower
  • F = more circular, wider
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14
Q

Male vs female pubis

A
  • M = narrower - narrower subpubic angle
  • F = wider - wider subpubic angle
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15
Q

Boundaries of pelvic inlet (posterior to anterior)

A
  • Promontory
  • Margin of ala
  • Arcuate line
  • Pecten pubis
  • Pubic crest
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16
Q

What is the linea terminalis?

A

Pubic crest, pecten pubis and arcuate line collectively

17
Q

Ligaments of the pelvis

A
  • Sacroiliac ligaments
    > Anterior
    > Posterior
    > Interosseus
  • Sacrospinous ligament
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
  • Sacrococcygeal ligament
  • Pubic ligaments
    > Superior
    > Inferior
18
Q

Boundaries of pelvic outlet (anterior to posterior)

A
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Ischiopubic rami
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
  • Coccyx
19
Q

Components of the pelvic diaphragm

A
  • Levator ani
  • Ischiococcygeus
20
Q

What is levator ani made of?

A
  • Pubovaginalis
  • Pubococcygeus
  • Puborectalis
  • Iliococcygeus
21
Q

Structures that pass through pelvic diaphragm

A
  • Ureter
  • Cervix
  • Anal canal
22
Q

What is the iliotibial tract and where does it run from and to?

A
  • Thick band of fascia lata
  • From iliac crest to lateral condyle of tibia
23
Q

Which muscles insert into the iliotibial tract?

A
  • Tensor fascia lata
  • Gluteus maximus
24
Q

Functions of iliotibial tract

A
  • Help steady pelvis on thigh
  • Keep knee extended in erect position
25
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of gluteus maximus

A
  • O = external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, back of sacrum + coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
  • Ins = gluteal tuberosity of femur (deeper 1/4), iliotibial tract (rest)
  • A = hip extensor, knee extensor
  • Inn = inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
26
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of gluteus medius and minimus

A
  • O = gluteal surface of ilium
  • Ins = greater trochanter
  • A = hip abduction, stabilising + maintaining balance of pelvis during walking
  • Inn = superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
27
Q

What is Trendelenburg sign?

A

Patient is unable to stabilise hip when standing on one leg

28
Q

What causes Trendelenburg sign?

A
  • Weak or paralysed hip abductors
  • Affected side cannot stabilise pelvis when standing on affected side’s leg
  • Unaffected side of pelvis drops
29
Q

What is Trendelenburg’s gait?

A
  • Person is seen lurching toward weakened side when normal sided foot is raised
  • When normal foot sided foot is raised, there is a tilt towards unsupported side, so person leans towards weakened side to compensate
30
Q

6 lateral rotators of the hip

A
  • Piriformis
  • Obturator internus
  • Obturator externus
  • Quadratus femoris
  • Superior gemellus
  • Inferior gemellus
31
Q

What passes through the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis?

A
  • Superior gluteal vessels
  • Superior gluteal nerve
32
Q

What passes through the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis?

A
  • PIN PINS:
    > Pudendal nerve
    > Internal pudendal vessels
    > Nerve to obturator internus
    > Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
    > Inferior gluteal vessels + nerve
    > Nerve to quadratus femoris
    > Sciatic nerve
33
Q

What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A
  • PINT:
    > Pudendal nerve
    > Internal pudendal vessels
    > Nerve to obturator internus
    > Tendon of obturator internus

RA1 (2) (15 decks)

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