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RA1 (2) > Anatomical Spaces of Clinical Important in the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Anatomical Spaces of Clinical Important in the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What does the inguinal ligament form the anatomical boundary between?

A
  • Abdomen
  • Thigh
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2
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament extend from/to?

A
  • From ASIS
  • To pubic tubercle
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3
Q

What passes through the inguinal canal?

A
  • Spermatic cord (male)
  • Round ligament (female)
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4
Q

What reinforces the inguinal ligament at the floor, medially and laterally?

A
  • F = in-rolled lower edge of inguinal ligament
  • M = lacunar ligament
  • L = transversalis fascia
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5
Q

What procedures and carried out at the femoral triangle?

A
  • Detection of femoral pulse
  • Cannulation of femoral artery
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6
Q

Boundaries of femoral triangle

A
  • Inguinal ligament (superior)
  • Sartorius (lateral)
  • Adductor longus (medial)
  • Iliacus, psoas major, pectineus, adductor longus (floor)
  • Superficial fascia, deep fascia of thigh (roof)
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7
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle (lateral to medial)

A
  • Femoral nerve
  • Femoral artery
  • Femoral vein
  • Femoral lymph nodes
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8
Q

What does the femoral sheath contain?

A
  • Femoral artery
  • Femoral vein
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9
Q

Which artery is the main source of blood for the lower limb?

A

Femoral artery

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10
Q

Origin of femoral artery (and where each change occurs)

A
  • Descending aorta –> common iliac artery (L3-4)
  • Common iliac –> external iliac artery (L5/pelvic inlet)
  • External iliac –> femoral artery (inguinal ligament)
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11
Q

Where does the femoral artery run from and to?

A
  • From inguinal ligament
  • To adductor canal
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12
Q

Midpoint of inguinal ligament vs mid-inguinal line

A
  • MOIL = midpoint between ASIS + pubic tubercle
  • MIL = midpoint of imaginary line between ASIS + pubic symphysis
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13
Q

Boundaries of gluteal region

A
  • Iliac crest (superior)
  • Gluteal fold (inferior)
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14
Q

What contributes to the prominence of the buttock?

A
  • Thick layer of fat (panniculus adiposus)
  • Lower part of a muscle (gluteus maximus)
  • Transverse crease of skin (gluteal fold)
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15
Q

Which nerve is at risk making intramuscular injections in the gluteal region?

A

Sciatic nerve

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16
Q

How do you make a safe intramuscular injection in the gluteal region?

A
  • Palpate greater trochanter + ischial tuberosity
  • Draw horizontal line between these
  • Draw vertical line bisecting this horizontal line
  • This makes 4 quadrants
  • Injection must be made in upper outer quadrant
17
Q

What is the popliteal fossa?

A

Diamond-shaped space behind the knee

18
Q

What does the popliteal fossa contain?

A
  • Tibial nerve
  • Common peroneal nerve
  • Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
  • Popliteal artery
  • Popliteal vein
  • Popliteal lymph nodes
19
Q

Where does the anterior tibial artery commence?

A

Bifurcation of popliteal artery

20
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery give rise to and where?

A
  • Dorsalis pedis
  • Beyond extensor retinaculum
21
Q

What does the dorsalis pedis divide into and where?

A
  • First dorsal metatarsal + deep plantar arteries
  • First metatarsal space
22
Q

Where does the posterior tibial artery pass in the leg?

A
  • Deep to soleus
  • Superficial in lower 1/3 leg
23
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery divide into and where?

A
  • Medial + lateral plantar arteries
  • Below the ankle
24
Q

What does the great/long saphenous vein drain?

A

Medial part of venous plexus of foot

25
Q

Where does the great/long saphenous vein begin and end?

A
  • Begins in medial margins vein of foot
  • Ends in femoral vein (3cm below inguinal ligament)
26
Q

Where does the great/long saphenous vein ascend?

A
  • In front of medial malleolus
  • Along medial side of leg
27
Q

What does the small/short saphenous vein drain?

A

Lateral side of venous plexus of foot

28
Q

Where does the small/short saphenous vein begin and end?

A
  • Begins behind lateral malleolus
  • Ends in popliteal vein
29
Q

How does the small/short saphenous vein ascend?

A
  • Along lateral margin of tendo calcaneous
  • Cross it obliquely to reach middle of back of leg
  • Perforates deep fascia in popliteal fossa to popliteal vein

RA1 (2) (15 decks)

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