Anatomical Spaces of the Upper Limb Flashcards
Where does a needle need to be inserted to provide local anaesthesia to the roots of the brachial plexus?
Between the:
- Lateral border of sternocleidomastoid
- Anterior border of trapezius
Which muscles is local anaesthesia of the brachial plexus roots inserted between?
- Anterior scalene
- Middle scalene
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Synovial saddle with fibrocartilage disc
Curvatures of the clavicle
- Medial 2/3 = convex anteriorly
- Lateral 1/3 = concave anteriorly
What form the anterior wall of the axilla?
- Pec major
- Pectoral fascia
- Pec minor
- Clavipectoral fascia
What form the posterior wall of the axilla?
- Scapula
- Subscapularis
- Teres major
What form the medial wall of the axilla?
Serratus anterior + fascia
What forms the apex of the axilla?
Convergence of:
- Clavicle
- Scapula
- 1st rib
Contents of the axilla
- Axillary sheath:
> Brachial plexus
> Axillary artery
> Axillary vein - Axillary lymph nodes
Boundaries of the cubital fossa
- Deep fascia reinforced by bicipital aponeurosis (roof)
- Brachialis + supinator (floor)
- Imaginary line connecting medial/lateral epicondyles
- Pronator teres (medial)
- Brachioradialis (lateral)
Clinical importance of the cubital fossa
- Stethoscope placed over brachial artery during BP measurement
- Palpation of brachial pulse
- Area just superficial used for phlebotomy
- Many superficial veins cross it
- Median cubital vein
Clinical significance of the elbow joint
- Olecranon strongest bony feature in body
- Ulnar nerve course behind medial epicondyle can lead to it:
> Getting pinched
> Injured when high energy applied to joint
Main function of flexor retinaculum
Buckle down tendons of forearm muscles as they enter hand
