applied anatomy and physiology - heart and lungs

Question 1

pathway of air

Answer 1

nose/mouth- trachea- bronchi- bronchioles- alveoli

Question 2

features of alveoli

Answer 2

moist walls. one cell thick. lots of capillerys- strong blood supply

Question 3

gaseous exchange

Answer 3

C02 diffuses into alveoli, oxygen diffuses into blood

Question 4

oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 4

formed when haemoglobin in the red blood cells combines with oxygen

Question 5

function of arteries

Answer 5

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 6

function of veins

Answer 6

carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 7

function of capillaries

Answer 7

exchage of substances

Question 8

features of arteries

Answer 8

thick walls, small lumen, high blood pressure

Question 9

features of veins

Answer 9

thin wall, large lumen, valves

Question 10

features of capilleries

Answer 10

one cell thick, very narrow lumen

Question 11

vasodilation

Answer 11

increases the width of the arteries

Question 12

vasoconstriction

Answer 12

narrowing of blood vessles to non vital organs

Question 13

the cardiac cycle

Answer 13

atrial diastole( filling). ventricular diastole( filling)
atrial systole( contraction)
ventricular systole( contraction)

Question 14

pathway of blood

Answer 14

vena cava- right atrium- right ventricle- pulmonray artery- lungs- pulamonary vein- left atrium- left ventricle- aorta

Question 15

heat rate

Answer 15

the frequency at which the heart contracts (bpm)

Question 16

pacemaker

Answer 16

group of cells in the right atrium

Question 17

what happens to heart rate during exersize

Answer 17

increases because needs an oxygen supply and adreneline

Question 18

stroke volume

Answer 18

volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle during one contration

Question 19

cardiac output

Answer 19

stroke volume x heart rate

Question 20

diaphragm and intercostal muscles during inhalation

Answer 20

diaphragm contracts moves downwards
intercostal muscles contract to move the rib cage up and out

Question 21

inhalation proccess

Answer 21

volume inside chest cavity increases
decreases pressure in chest cavity
concentration gradient pulls air into the lungs

Question 22

diaphragm and intercostal muscles curing exhalation

Answer 22

diaphragm relaxes and returns to a dome shape
intercostal muscles relax and pull the ribcage down and back

Question 23

exhalation process

Answer 23

volume inside chest cavity decreases
increases pressure in chest cavity
pressure gradient pushes air out

Question 24

effect of exersize on breathing

Answer 24

happens more quickly, lungs expand more by using the pectorals and sternocleidomastoid, abdominals help push air out quicker

Question 25

tidal volume

Answer 25

the volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath

Question 26

residual volume

Answer 26

the amout of air left in the lungs after exhaling

Question 27

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 27

the amount of air that can be inhaled

Question 28

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 28

the amount o air that can be exhaled

Question 29

change of lung volumes during exersise

Answer 29

tidal volume increases so inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes decrease

Question 30

aerobic exercise

Answer 30

with oxygen - low intensity

Question 31

aerobic exercise equation

Answer 31

glucose + oxygen = energy+ carbon dioxide+ water

Question 32

anaerobic exersice

Answer 32

exersive without oxygen - high intensity

Question 33

anaerobic exersize equation

Answer 33

glucose+ energy= lactic acid

Question 34

exess post-exercise oxygen consumption/ oxygen debt

Answer 34

continued heavy breathy or increased tidal volume after exersize

Question 35

why does EPOC/oxygen debt happen

Answer 35

lactic acid is produced as a result of anaerobic exerice ,more oxygen helps convert this back into glucose

Question 36

how does cooling down help recovery

Answer 36

maintains an elavated breathing and heart rate- icreases oxygen, streching reduces tension and puts muscle back to normal length

Question 37

how does diet help recovery

Answer 37

rehydrating to replace fluids,carbs restore glucose levels as lots of glycogen is used in exersize

Question 38

how do ice baths help recovery

Answer 38

reduces swelling and increases blood flow- preventing doms

Question 39

how do massages help recovery

Answer 39

increases blood flow - reduces DOMS

Question 40

immediate effects of exercise

Answer 40

hot, swearty red skin heart rate increases increase in depth and frequency of breathing

Question 41

short term effects of exersize

Answer 41

fatigue cramp DOMS light headedness nausea

Question 42

long term effects of exersize

Answer 42

mpeoved strengh, speed and endurance changed body shape bradycardia - lower resting heart rate cardiac hypertrophy