Applied anatomy and physiology Flashcards
Support
Bones keep us upright and hold muscles and organs in place.
Protection
Some bones surround and protect vital organs from damage.
Long bones
The bones of the legs and arms. Long bones support the weight of the body and help with gross movements.
Movement
Muscles contract to pull the bones of the skeleton.
Joint
The place where two or more bones meet.
Synovial Joint
Type of joint commonly found in the limbs; contains a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid.
Cartilage
Covers ends of bones providing a smooth, friction-free surface.
Synovial fluid
Produced by the synovial membrane to lubricate the joint.
Capsule
Tough fibrous tissue which surrounds synovial joints; usually supported by ligaments.
Ligaments
Joins bone to bone
Dislocation
When the bones of a joint separate from their normal position.
Bursae
Fluid-filled bag that helps reduce friction in a joint.
Tendon
Attaches muscles to bones.
Hinge joint
Joint that allows flexion and extension.
Flexion
Movement where angle between bones reduces.
Extension
Movement where angle between bones increases.
Vertebrae
Bones that form the spine or backbone.
Ball and socket joint
Joint that allows many movements - flexion and extension; abduction and adduction; and rotation.
Range of movement
A measure of the flexibility of a joint in terms of the different movements allowed.
Abduction
Movement where limbs are moved away form the body.
Adduction
Movement where limbs are moved back towards the body.
Rotation
Turning a limb along its long axis.
Meniscus
Cartilage acting as a shock absorber between the tibia and femur in the knee joint.
Cruciate ligaments
Attach tibia to femur in the knee joint.
Plantar flexion
Movement at ankle where the the toes are pointed towards the ground.
Dorsiflexion
Movement at ankle where the toes are pulled up towards the knee.
