Applied anatomy and physiology Flashcards
1.1 energy for exercise- 1.2 recovery, altitude and heat
What is metabolism?
The chemical process that occur within a cell to maintain life. Some substances are broken down to provide energy while others are resynthesised to store energy
What does ATP stand for
Adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP
A high energy compound which is only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction
What is an enzyme
Biological catalyst which increases the speed of chemical reactions
What is ATPase
an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP
What is an exothermic reaction?
A chemical reaction which releases energy
What does ADP stand for?
Adenosine diphosphate
What is ADP
a compound formed by the removal of phosphate bond from ATP (ATP– +P +energy)
What are the 3 forms of energy
Chemical, potential and kinetic forms
How can the food we eat be stored as?
As amino acids, triglycerides and glycogen
How does ATP get broken down
To extract the energy from ATP, the enzyme ATPase is released, which stimulates the final-high enrgy bond to be broken.
This exothermic reaction releases energy for muscular contraction an dleaves ADP and a single phosphate
Where is ATP stored and what is it made out of?
During exercise- ATP is stored in the muscle cell and is the only immediate source of energy for muscular contraction.
ATP is made up of one adenosine and 3 phosphates.
How long do ATP stores last and do they need to be resynthesised
ATP only lasts 2-3 seconds
In order to continue exercising ATP must be constantly resynthesised or rebuilt.
How is ATP resynthesied
An exothermic reaction occurs-
where energy from the surrounding area is absorbed to rebuild the high-energy bond between by one of three energy systems
which break down the food fuels stored around the body
What are the three energy systems which break down food fuels to provide the energy for ATP resynthesis
ATP-PC
glycolytic
aerobic
