Applied Anatomy Flashcards
Why can the ureter be injured in a hysterectomy?
- the ureter crosses over the bifurcation of the common iliac vessels
- the ureter is crossed by the uterine artery
- the ureter passes about 2cm lateral to the cervix and in front of the lateral border of the vagina before it enters the back of the bladder
How much does the kidney increase in size during pregnancy?
1cm
What happens to the urinary tract during pregnancy and 6 weeks post partum?
Urinary tract dilatation leading to physiological hydronephrosis
Dilatation of the urinary tract in pregnancy and 6 weeks post partum is more pronounced on which side?
The right side
What may a pelvic kidney lead to?
Obstruction of labour
Another name for fibroids
Leiomyomata
Definition of fibroids
Commonest benign tumour arising from the myometrium
Presentation of fibroids
Often asymptomatic Dysmenorrhoea Menorrhagia Pelvic pain Pressure symptoms
Dysmenorrhoea meaning
Painful periods
Treatment of fibroids
Myomectomy
Hysterectomy
Uterine artery embolization
GnRH analogues
Differential diagnoses for severe right iliac fossa pain
Ovarian torsion Appendicitis Renal calculi Ovarian cyst accident Constipation Ectopic pregnancy
Definition of ovarian torsion
The ovary twists around the ligaments that hold it in place. This can cut off the blood supply to the ovary and the fallopian tube
Endometriosis definition
Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity
Pathology of endometriosis
The endometriotic tissues attached to the outside of the uterine cavity detach and bleed, resulting in internal bleeding, degenerated blood and tissue shredding, inflammation of the surrounding areas, pain and possibly the formation of scar tissue
Rare sites for endometriosis
lungs
brain
muscles
eye
