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Texas Pesticide Applicator > Applicator General > Flashcards

Applicator General Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: If unsupervised, you must have a license to legally work with restricted use pesticides, but not to work with state-limited pesticides.

A

False

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2
Q

True or False: To legally perform structural pest control, you must have a license regardless of the kinds of pesticides you use.

A

True

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3
Q

______ is not an agency that shares responsibility for pesticide applicator training, certification and licensing? What two agencies are responsible?

A

-Texas AgriLife Research
-Texas Dept. of Agriculture (TDA) and Texas
Structural Pest Control (SPCS)

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4
Q

Which license must be obtained by a person who wants to perform pest control as an employee at a privately owned apartment building or hospital?

A

A noncommercial license from the SPCS

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5
Q

To work for hire, using restricted or state-limited pesticides on another person’s land, which license must you have.

A

A commercial license from the TDA

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6
Q

True or False: All licensed commercial and non-commercial applicators must be certified in each application category in which they practice.

A

True

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7
Q

Which of the following is not among the TDA application categories?

A

Right-of-way, Predatory animal, Wood preservation, Fumigation. (Wood Preservation)

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8
Q

Is Seed Treatment among the SPCS application categories?

A

No

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9
Q

Is Texas AgriLife Extension Services involved in pesticide regulation?

A

No.

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10
Q

True or False: Under the Texas Pesticide Law, pesticides used in this state must be registered with the Texas Department of Agriculture, even if they are already registered with the U.S. EPA.

A

True

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11
Q

____ ____ is your responsibility to inform nearby residents or adjacent landowners before you apply pesticides.

A

“Prior Notification”

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12
Q

True or False: In addition to state government, even county commissioners courts may set rules on the use of certain pesticides.

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: Even with a commercial applicator license, you must still obtain a spray permit before using regulated herbicides.

A

True

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14
Q

True or False: Speciality fertilizer in containers with capacities of 50 pounds or less that are labeled for ornamental and turf use are exempt from classification as state-limited-use pesticides or regulated herbicides.

A

True

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15
Q

The Texas Structural Pest Control Act requires you to give public notice at least _____ hours before commencing indoor pesticide treatments.

A

48

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16
Q

Which agency enforces the Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act?

A

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

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17
Q

What is the full name and acronym of the federal agency that regulates pesticides?

A

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

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18
Q

What is the full name and acronym of the law used to manage pesticides?

A

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

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19
Q

Is the EPA required to consult the office of pesticide programs before a pesticide may be marketed in the U.S.?

A

No

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20
Q

What are two types of penalties defined by FIFRA for applicators who violate the law?

A

-Civil penalties when the violation is unintentional
-Criminal penalties when the law is knowingly
violated

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21
Q

Does FIFRA allow prison terms for criminal (intentional) violators?

A

Yes, up to 30 days for private applicators and up to 1 year for commercial applicators.

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22
Q

What are regulations?

A

Interpretations of the law that have the force of law

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23
Q

What is meant by the term “reentry interval”?

A

The time right after pesticide application when unprotected workers may not enter the treated area

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24
Q

True or False: Warnings of pesticide application must be given in writing to workers according to the EPA.

A

False

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25
Q

What is the EPA’s pesticide registration decision based on?

A

EPA evaluation of test data provided by the manufacturer.

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26
Q

If the EPA decides that a pesticide poses a risk to consumers, what can the EPA do?

A

Set reentry intervals to restrict workers from entering a treated area; Set restrictions on the frequency of application and rates; Cancel or suspend use of the pesticide

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27
Q

Which federal agency sets food tolerances for Pesticides?

A

EPA

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28
Q

Which federal agency enforces food tolerances for pesticides?

A

FDA

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29
Q

What is the purpose of the tolerance program?

A

To ensure that U.S. consumers are not exposed to unsafe pesticide residue levels in food

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30
Q

Which act is administered by the EPA to manage all hazardous waste?

A

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976

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31
Q

How can triple rinsed, used pesticide containers be disposed of?

A

In an EPA approved sanitary landfill

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32
Q

What kind of pesticide standards does FIFRA allow states to establish?

A

Stricter than federal standards, but not more lenient

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33
Q

Which agency administers the Hazard Communication Standard?

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

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34
Q

Pesticide applicators generate waste during normal work operations. Are triple rinsed used pesticide containers considered “regulated waste” under the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act?

A

No

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35
Q

Regulations interpreting the Transportation Safety Act are contained in 49 CFR. What do these regulations cover?

A

All safety aspects of transporting hazardous materials

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36
Q

What is the act SARA Title III designed to do?

A

Inform communities of hazardous chemicals in the area and provide for community emergency response plans in the event of an accident

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37
Q

What is an endangered species?

A

A plant or animal that is in danger of extinction throughout all or much of its range

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38
Q

Which federal agency determines what species are endangered?

A

Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) of the Department of the Interior

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39
Q

Who ultimately bears the responsibility of protecting endangered species from pesticides?

A

The applicator

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40
Q

____ is the capacity of a substance to injure or poison a living system, such as a human being, an animal, a lake or a forest.

A

Toxicity

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41
Q

What is pesticide exposure?

A

Coming in contact with a pesticide

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42
Q

____ ____ refers to how poisonous a pesticide is after short term exposure.

A

Acute toxicity

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43
Q

____ ____ is a one-time or short-term contact with pesticide.

A

Acute exposure

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44
Q

___ ___ is a delayed poisonous effect from exposure to a substance.

A

Chronic toxicity

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45
Q

___ ___ is long-term repeated contact with pesticides.

A

Chronic exposure

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46
Q

The effects of which type of exposure-acute or chronic-can be more easily detected and studied?

A

Acute

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47
Q

A pesticide dose is the ___ of pesticide to which a surface, plant or animal is exposed.

A

amount

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48
Q

Name 3 routes by which a pesticide an enter your body.

A

dermal, oral, and inhalation

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49
Q

True or False: Some pesticides are poisonous no matter how they enter the body.

A

True

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50
Q

Which pesticide solution is most likely to be absorbed through the skin?

A

Oil-based

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51
Q

Which areas of the body absorb pesticides quickly?

A

Eyes, ears, scalp and genitals

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52
Q

Which two routes of entry are likely to be the most important to you?

A

Dermal and inhalation

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53
Q

Which factors affect the toxicity of a pesticide?

A
  • Route of entry
  • Frequency and duration (rate) of exposure
  • Dose received
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54
Q

An example of a chronic effect is the drop in ___, an essential body enzyme, caused by organophosphates and carbonates.

A

Cholinesterase

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55
Q

___ effects occur at the site of contact with a pesticide while ___ effects occur away from the point of contact.

A
  • local

- systemic

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56
Q

Skin rash, nausea, eye irritation and dizziness are examples ___ toxic effects.

A

reversible

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57
Q

LD50 means “Lethat Dose Fifty”. It refers to the amount of a chemical that kills ___ the animals exposed to it in a laboratory test.

A

half (50%)

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58
Q

True or False: The smaller the LD50 value, the less chemical required to be fatal, so the more poisonous the pesticide.

A

True

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59
Q

Acute oral toxicity and acute dermal toxicity are measured as LD50. The higher the LD50 the ___ (more or less) toxic the pesticide.

A

Less

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60
Q

How is LD50 used?

A

LD50 is used with the other tests to place pesticides in a “toxic category” and give them a signal word.

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61
Q

LC50 means “Letha ___ Fifty”. It refers to the amount of chemical in the air that caused half of the test animals to die when they inhaled it.

A

Concentration

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62
Q

Six milligrams per kilogram (mk/kg) is equal to ___ parts per million.

A

six

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63
Q

What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “relatively non-toxic”?

A

CAUTION!

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64
Q

What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “highly toxic”?

A

DANGER!

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65
Q

What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “slightly toxic”?

A

CAUTION!

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66
Q

What signal word must be on the label for pesticides classified as “Moderately Toxic”?

A

WARNING!

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67
Q

The toxicity of a substance is its ability to cause injury, while ___ is the risk or chance that harm will come from using the pesticide.

A

hazard

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68
Q

Is a highly toxic material always very hazardous?

A

No, if a highly toxic material is handled properly it could actually pose low risk or hazard.

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69
Q

True or False: Most deposits remain on surfaces for a very long time.

A

False

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70
Q

What is a “deposit”?

A

A pesticide that remains on a treated surface right after application.

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71
Q

True or False: Residues are found only on target crops and surfaces.

A

False. Residues can be found on any surface where they are applied.

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72
Q

A ___ is the maximum amount of pesticide residue allowed on a harvested crop, set by the EPA.

A

Tolerance

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73
Q

Can a harvested crop contain more than the set tolerance of a pesticide and still be legally sold?

A

No. It cannot be legally sold.

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74
Q

What margin of safety (“safety factor”) does the EPA use to set tolerances?

A

100 times lower than the NOEL (No Observed Effect Level), which is the highest dose in a dose-response study that does not cause an adverse effect that scientists can observe. RfD (Reference Dose) is at least 100 times lower than the NOEL.

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75
Q

True or False: Food may have no residues at all because the residues may have degraded or the crop may have been treated with a minimum dose of a pesticide.

A

True

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76
Q

True or False: Soil and plant surfaces may contain pesticide residue even when they are not directly sprayed with the pesticide.

A

True

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77
Q

EPA sets two kinds of tolerances: ___ ___ tolerances for pesticides that indirectly contact food; and tolerances for pesticides applied directly to food.

A

Negligible residue, Finite

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78
Q

“Pre-slaughter interval” or “pre-harvest interval” refers to the ___ (“least/most”) number of days allowed between the last pesticide application and the slaughter or harvest day.

A

least

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79
Q

True or False: No pesticide may be bought, sold or used in the United States until it has federal registration for the product, the use and the label.

A

True

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80
Q

True or False: Sometimes even small environmental changes can greatly reduce the chances of survival for fish and wildlife.

A

True

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81
Q

When a pesticide evaporates and moves off target, this is called ___ ___.

A

Vapor Drift

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82
Q

Do pollution and re-entry interval influence drift?

A

No. It is influenced by Particle size, Nozzle design and orientation, humidity, height of release, wind speed and direction, and temperature.

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83
Q

Why should honeybees be protected?

A

Their work as pollinators is necessary for crop production.

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84
Q

True or False: Pesticide residues can build up in the bodies of animals, including man.

A

True

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85
Q

True or False: Only pesticides that are applied incorrectly are likely to move downward with rain or irrigation water into the water table below.

A

False

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86
Q

True or False: A pesticide becomes a pollutant and potentially dangerous when it is applied at a higher dose than recommended on the label or when it drifts off target.

A

True

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87
Q

How should you change pressure to reduce liquid droplet drift?

A

Reduce pressure to increase droplet size

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88
Q

What are the possible consequences of pesticide drift onto forage and pastureland or into drinking water?

A

People, pets and livestock can be injured by pesticide exposure; Pasture grasses could be destroyed; Milk or meat could have illegal residues if cattle eat contaminated forage; Water may become too contaminated to drink.

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89
Q

True or False: Pesticide pollution can help a pest you are trying to to destroy by killing predators and parasites of the pest.

A

True

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90
Q

An ___ is a geologic formation of permeable rock, sand or gravel that stores large amounts of water.

A

Aquifer

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91
Q

Why are aquifers important?

A

Many people use water from aquifers for drinking.

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92
Q

What is the name given to the complex prey/predator cycle in which all animals (including humans) take part.

A

Food Chain

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93
Q

The best protection against groundwater pollution is ___.

A

Preventing contamination

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94
Q

At what level is man in the food chain?

A

The top

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95
Q

An ___ pesticide is one that builds up in animal and plant tissues.

A

accumulative

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96
Q

A ___ pesticide is one that remains in the environment without breaking down.

A

persistant

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97
Q

True or False: Even though persistent pesticides remain in the environment, they do not always accumulate in animals or plants.

A

True

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98
Q

An ___ ___ is a plant or animal that is near extinction throughout all or most of its range.

A

endangered species

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99
Q

Name 4 processes that cause a pesticide to break down after application.

A

Photodegradation; Microbial degradation; Chemical degradation

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100
Q

Pesticides that degrade ___ in the environment are the least hazardous.

A

Quickly

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101
Q

Name two reasons why pesticide accidents occur.

A
  • Lack of up-to-date knowledge

- Unsafe handling practices

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102
Q

If you or your partner feels sick on the job, should you leave the work undone or try to finish it?

A

Do not try and finish the job. Get out of the area immediately and get help.

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103
Q

How should you clean your washing machine after laundering pesticide-soiled clothing?

A

Run a complete, but empty cycle using hot water and detergent.

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104
Q

True or False: The safest way to move pesticide is in the back of a truck that has a steel bed with enclosed sides and a tailgate.

A

True

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105
Q

True or False: You should wear a wide-brimmed, chemical-resistant, waterproof hat (not a cap) when you are exposed to pesticide drift.

A

True

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106
Q

True or False: You should store all clean protective equipment and clothing separately from stored pesticides.

A

True

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107
Q

When you plan to work with pesticides, where should you look for information about the protective clothing you need?

A

On the pesticide label

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108
Q

True or False: During pesticide handling, you should wear both gloves and boots made of chemical-resistant material.

A

True

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109
Q

True or False: You should wear protective clothing when you are exposed to pesticide drift, but hardly ever when you are mixing and filling pesticides.

A

False

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110
Q

True or False: When filling a spray tank, you should always stand with your head above the container and the filling hole of the spray tank.

A

True

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111
Q

How should you prepare for an accidental spill of a pesticide?

A

Have absorptive material available; have bleach or hydrated lime for decontamination; keep soap, detergent and water close at hand; have a change of clothes available

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112
Q

True or False: If a nozzle clogs up while you are spraying pesticides, the best way to clear it is to blow the nozzle out with your mouth.

A

False

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113
Q

If the pesticide is not took toxic, is it OK to let children and pets play in the area while you are spraying there?

A

Never let children or pets play in a treatment area during spraying.

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114
Q

True or False: When you are spraying near bee colonies, it is up to the owners alone to keep the bees out of your way or to remove the bees.

A

False

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115
Q

How can you prevent accidents commonly caused by equipment?

A

Choose the safest equipment for your pesticide application needs; Do not allow children or unauthorized people near pesticide equipment; Operate equipment correctly; Maintain equipment well

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116
Q

The length of time that should pass between treatment and returning to a treated area is called the ___ ___.

A

Reentry interval

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117
Q

True or False: Regardless of the reentry interval stated on the label, you may reenter a treated site after sprays dry, dusts settle and vapors disperse.

A

false

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118
Q

What is the most common cause of pesticide poisoning for applicators?

A

Skin contact

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119
Q

When should you wear elbow-length, chemical-resistant gloves?

A

When handling any pesticide, except certain fumigants and relatively non-toxic products.

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120
Q

Why not use cotton or leather gloves when handling highly toxic pesticides?

A

Cotton and leather absorb pesticide and holds it close to the skin

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121
Q

True or False: You must always wear a chemical-resistant suit when handling highly toxic pesticides.

A

True

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122
Q

How often should you wash your contaminated overalls?

A

daily

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123
Q

Should you ever wash the inside of your boots?

A

Yes, after each use

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124
Q

When is it necessary to wear goggles or a full face shield?

A
  • Whenever pesticide could contact your eyes
  • When you pour or mix concentrates
  • When you work with a highly toxic spray or dust
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125
Q

Which type of hat is useful to protect your head and neck from highly toxic pesticides?

A
  • Chemical resistant rain hat
  • certain wide-brimmed hats
  • Washable hard hat with no liner
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126
Q

Are cotton or felt hats adequate head protection against highly toxic pesticides?

A

no

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127
Q

How do you know if a respirator is necessary?

A

If the label says so

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128
Q

When must you always wear a respirator?

A

Whenever mixing or filling highly toxic pesticides

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129
Q

True or False: Applicators who will be constantly exposed to small amounts of toxic pesticides for a day or several days should wear a respirator.

A

True

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130
Q

When are cartridge respirators often used?

A

For a relatively short exposure period to concentrated chemicals; For a long exposure period to low concentrations of toxic chemicals

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131
Q

What is the main drawback of cartridge respirators?

A

Leakage around the face shield

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132
Q

True or False: Gas masks are used when the applicator will be exposed to toxic fumes in heavy concentrations or for long time periods.

A

True

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133
Q

When should gas masks be used with an independent oxygen supply?

A

When you are exposed to unknown vapors

When you reenter a fumigated area

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134
Q

Should you try to fit the respirator so that some air can leak in around your face?

A

No

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135
Q

When should you replace the filter on your respirator?

A

When it becomes dirty or breathing becomes difficult.

136
Q

How often should you change the cartridges on your respirator?

A

Every 8 hours

137
Q

True or False: To safely clean and store a respirator: wash the face piece with detergent and warm water. Rinse. Wipe dry with clean cloth. Store in a tightly closed plastic bag.

A

True

138
Q

When handling highly toxic pesticides…

A

You should always work in pairs

139
Q

True or False: If you wash your face and hands first, it is all right to have a snack or a chew of tobacco while you are on the job.

A

True

140
Q

True or False: You may wear pesticide-soaked clothing again, without laundering, as soon as the clothing dries.

A

False

141
Q

Cholinesterase tests show wether you have been overexposed to ___ or ___ pesticides.

A

carbamate, organophosphate

142
Q

True or False: You should wash your gloved hands before removing the gloves.

A

True

143
Q

Natural Rubber protects against ___.

A

Dry formulations

144
Q

True or False: The symptoms of pesticide poisoning are very different than all from all other types of poisoning.

A

False

145
Q

True or False: A person exposed often to small amounts of toxic material over a long time usually shows the same poisoning symptoms as a person exposed suddenly to a large amount of toxic material.

A

True

146
Q

True or False: Because each chemical family can attack the body in a different way, the symptoms of pesticide poisoning are not all the same.

A

True

147
Q

What are some of the symptoms of mild poisoning?

A

Headache, fatigue, sore throat

148
Q

True or False: The symptoms of mild poisoning are similar to the early symptoms of acute poisoning.

A

True

149
Q

What are some signs of severe or acute poisoning?

A

Fever, intense thirst, vomiting; Muscle twitches, pinpoint pupils; Unconsciousness

150
Q

What are the three major chemical families?

A

Organophosphates, carbamates and chlorinated hydrocarbons

151
Q

What is the very first thing to do when someone has been poisoned?

A

If you are alone with the victim, make sure he is breathing and not further exposed to poison; Call ambulance or doctor

152
Q

Your doctor should know which pesticides you normally use so he or she can obtain the ___ and keep it on hand.

A

antidote

153
Q

True or False: If poison is on the victim’s skin or in his eyes, it is most important to was the victim with large amounts of running water.

A

True

154
Q

True or False: When someone inhales poison, wear an air-supplied respirator if necessary to protect yourself and immediately carry the victim to fresh air.

A

True

155
Q

If a person has swallowed a poison, you should make him vomit, except when…

A
  • The victim is unconscious or convulsing
  • The victim has swallowed corrosive poison
  • The victim has swallowed a petroleum product
156
Q

In many cases, swallowed poisons can be absorbed by ___ ___, which is mixed with water into a thick syrup for the victim to drink.

A

activated charcoal

157
Q

True or False: Atropine tablets can be poisonous if misused. You should never use them to prevent poisoning.

A

true

158
Q

List 3 signs of shock.

A
  • Skin that is pale, cold and clammy
  • Vacant eyes with dilated pupils
  • Irregular breathing and pulse
159
Q

What should you do if someone is in shock?

A
  • Keep the victim flat on his back, with legs raised

- Keep the victim warm enough to prevent shivering

160
Q

What is the best source for important information on all types of poisonings and their treatment?

A

Poison Control Centers

161
Q

Describe 3 aspects of IPM.

A
  • combines several pest control tactics
  • A way to anticipate and prevent pests from reaching damaging numbers
  • Achieves pest control with the least risk to the environment
162
Q

What are some benefits of IPM?

A
  • Reduces pesticide hazards to people, wildlife and the environment
  • Saves money for farmers, ranchers and homeowners
  • Helps prevent insects, pathogens and weeds from developing resistance to pesticides
163
Q

The four basic steps or parts of IPM are ___ tactics, monitoring, assessment and ___ tactics.

A

preventive, remedial

164
Q

___, also called scouting, involves early pest detection and proper pest identification.

A

Monitoring

165
Q

List 2 things that are involved in the assessment pillar of IPM.

A
  • Judging the potential for pest populations to reach an intolerable level
  • Forecasting weather conditions that favor disease and insect pests
166
Q

Why is proper identification of pests so important?

A
  • It enables you to treat the real source of a problem and not just the symptoms
  • It enables you to avoid injury to non-target organisms
  • It helps you to select the right pesticide for the job
167
Q

In IPM, economic thresholds represent…

A

The difference between the cost of pest control and the cost of pest damage

168
Q

List 6 methods of control used in IPM.

A

biological, chemical, cultural, genetic, mechanical, physical

169
Q

A pest is considered anything that…

A
  • Injures humans, animals, crops, structures, or possessions
  • Competes with humans, domestic animals or crops for food or water
  • Spreads disease to humans, domestic animals, or crops
170
Q

___ percent of all insects are considered pests.

A

One (1)

171
Q

Name the 3 main body parts of an insect.

A

Head, Thorax, Abdomen

172
Q

Is a centipede, sowbug, or a mite an insect?

A

NO

173
Q

Diseases are caused by biological agents called ___.

A

pathogens

174
Q

What organisms are associated with plant disease?

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes

175
Q

Some weeds can be pests by…

A
  • causing hay fever
  • poisoning animals
  • hindering fish growth and reproduction
176
Q

What is it called when a plant lives more than 2 years?

A

Perennial

177
Q

What does the term vertebrate mean?

A

Animals with jointed backbones

178
Q

Is rodents, flies, or arachnids vertebrates?

A

rodents

179
Q

A ___ is any chemical used to control pests.

A

Pesticide

180
Q

True or False: Insecticide is just another word for pesticide.

A

false

181
Q

How does a systemic insecticide act on the pest?

A

A systemic flows inside a treated plant and kills the pest when the pest eats the plant.

182
Q

True or False: The effect on beneficial insects is a primary concern when choosing a broad spectrum insecticide.

A

True

183
Q

True or False: Contact insecticides offer safety advantages in homes, while residual insecticides are useful when the insects are a constant problem.

A

True

184
Q

Miticides are very similar in action and application to ___.

A

Insecticides

185
Q

Of the two types of fungicides, ___ prevent plant diseases and ___ cure plant diseases.

A

Protectants, eradicants

186
Q

Eradicants are often used…

A
  • when protectants are too expensive or not available
  • When protectants have not been applied on time
  • When a disease breaks out unexpectedly
187
Q

Would you choose a selective or non-selective herbicide for weed control in a park?

A

Selective

188
Q

With herbicide applications, pre plant means before the desired vegetation is planted. ___ means before the weeds appear and ___ means after both the desired vegetation and weed appear.

A

Pre-emergence, Post-emergence

189
Q

What kind of chemical is used to alter or change the plant itself?

A

Growth regulators

190
Q

Nematodes are…

A

Tiny worm-like organisms

191
Q

A ___ inhibitor kills the immature insects by interfering with their growth and molting.

A

Chitin synthesis

192
Q

True or False: Insect growth regulators attack a growth process found only in insects so these chemicals are generally harmless to humans and other vertebrates.

A

True

193
Q

True or False: Although repellants should be used according to their labels, they are not registered like other pesticides with the EPA.

A

False

194
Q

True or False: The words “keep out of reach of children,” must appear on all pesticide labels.

A

True

195
Q

True or False: If a pesticide label has no instructions about protective equipment, that means you need no protection while using the pesticide.

A

False

196
Q

True of False: Even if your intended use is not listed on the pesticide label, it is legal to use the pesticide anyway when you are sure it will work.

A

False

197
Q

True or False: Although the EPA registers pesticide labels, it does not require manufacturers to submit labels for registration.

A

False

198
Q

True or False: Many common chemical names exist but only those officially accepted by the EPA may be included on a label’s ingredient list.

A

True

199
Q

Highly toxic products must carry the signal word ___.

A

DANGER

200
Q

Products with the signal word DANGER! may also have a skull and crossbones symbol and the word (PIRATES) ___ in red.

A

POISON

201
Q

The signal word ___ is required on labels for moderately toxic products.

A

WARNING

202
Q

All labels for slightly toxic products must carry the signal word ___.

A

CAUTION

203
Q

What information is provided in directions for use on a pesticide label?

A
  • Pests to be controlled
  • Rate for application
  • Methods of Application
204
Q

You should always read the label before you ___ pesticide, before you mix pesticide, before you ___ pesticide and before you store or dispose of pesticide.

A

Buy, Apply

205
Q

Legal disposal steps are required for both the pesticide and the pesticide ___.

A

Container

206
Q

When a pesticide chemical is mixed with solvents, wetting agents, stickers, powders, granules, etc., the finished product is called a ___.

A

Formulation

207
Q

What is the common abbreviation of each of the following? Wettable powder ___, emulsifiable concentrate ___, dust ___, granules ___.

A

WP, EC, D, G

208
Q

Which of the following must you consider when choosing the best formulation for your job?

A
  • Effectiveness against the pest

- Type of application machinery needed

209
Q

Which pesticide formulation is most often used in households, back yards and other small areas?

A

Aerosol

210
Q

Which pesticide formulation can be dangerous if its container is punctured or overheated?

A

Aerosol

211
Q

Why are dust formulations usually not used outdoors on a large scale?

A

They may drift away from the target area

212
Q

For which type of job are dusts not often used?

A

To treat recreational turf areas

213
Q

Which is not a type of pest that poisonous bait formulations are used to control?

A

Centipedes and millipedes

214
Q

Why are poisonous baits often used in small amounts?

A

baits are needed only where pests gather

215
Q

True or False: Granular formulations are made of larger, more uniform particles than dust formulations.

A

True.

216
Q

What advantages do granules have over dusts and sprays?

A
  • Drift less
  • Application is simpler
  • They penetrate dense foliage better
217
Q

Why wouldn’t you choose a granular if you were going to treat a tree or lettuce crop?

A

Not enough will stick to the leaves.

218
Q

Why choose a low concentrate liquid formulation if you want to be sure to get the right mixture?

A

It is ready to be sprayed as purchased

219
Q

What formulation would you choose if you wanted little visible residue and only moderate agitation?

A

Emulsifiable concentrate

220
Q

Which formulation is very hazardous because it is highly concentrated and absorbed easily by the skin?

A

Emulsifiable concentrate

221
Q

What is the difference between emulsifiable concentrates and flowables?

A

Flowables start as solids: emulsifiable concentrates start as liquids

222
Q

Would you choose an EC or a WP if phytotoxicity might be a problem?

A

WP

223
Q

True or False: You should wear a respirator when mixing soluble or wettable powders.

A

True

224
Q

What formulation would you choose if you wanted to penetrate cracks, soil, burrows, and enclosed areas?

A

Fumigant

225
Q

What are disadvantages of fumigants?

A
  • Can be applied only in enclosed areas

- May be toxic enough to require full protective gear

226
Q

Which pesticide formulations must be diluted before they are applied?

A

Wettable powders and emulsifiable concentrates

227
Q

When is the best time to add pesticide to the spray tank?

A

Immediately before application

228
Q

True of False: Mixing is the time when you are most likely to be exposed to pesticide poisoning.

A

True

229
Q

Through which routes of entry are you likely to be exposed during pesticide mixing?

A

dermal and inhalation

230
Q

___ devices keep spray mixture in the tank from escaping back through the hose into a water source.

A

antisiphoning

231
Q

True or False: When you empty a pesticide container, you should rinse it out at least three times.

A

True

232
Q

True or False: You can mix all types of pesticides together without any problem.

A

False

233
Q

What does chemical compatibility mean?

A

Mixing the chemicals will not produce a highly toxic solution.

234
Q

How can you find out if two pesticides are compatible?

A

Read the label

235
Q

An ___ is a chemical added to the pesticide mixture that makes an active ingredient more effective.

A

adjuvant

236
Q

For what kind of job would you use a spreader-sticker?

A

Treatment of waxy leaf surfaces

237
Q

True or False: The most hazardous activities involving pesticides are mixing and loading concentrates.

A

True

238
Q

For most pesticide sprays, what is the recommended PH level?

A

from 4 to 6

239
Q

When a pesticide is spilled accidentally, what should you do first?

A

Contain the spill

240
Q

How much wettable powder would you put in a 450 gallon tank, given directions to add 3 pounds WP per 100 gallons of water?

A

13.5 pounds

241
Q

How much wettable powder would you put in an 80 gallon tank, given directions to add 3 pounds WP per 100 gallons of water?

A

2.4 pounds

242
Q

How much emulsifiable concentrate would you put in a 300 gallon tank, given directions to add 3 pints EC per 100 gallons of water?

A

9 pints

243
Q

How much emulsifiable concentrate would you put in a 50 gallon tank, given the directions above?

A

1.5 pints

244
Q

If 1 pound of WP is recommended per 100 gallons of water, how many tablespoons of WP would you add to 1 gallon?

A

1 tablespoon but I have no idea why…

245
Q

If 2 pints of EC are recommended per 100 gallons of water, how many teaspoons of EC would you add to one gallon?

A

2 teaspoons

246
Q

How much does 100 gallons of water weigh?

A

830 pounds

247
Q

How much does 100 gallons of kerosene weigh?

A

660 pounds

248
Q

How many gallons of 25% emulsifiable concentrate (with 2 pounds pesticide per gallon) would you add to a 50 gallon tank to get a 1% active ingredient mixture?

A

2.075 gallons

249
Q

How many pounds of 25% wettable powder must you add to 100 gallons of water to get a 1% active ingredient mixture?

A

33.2 pounds

250
Q

Name two types of support equipment.

A
  • filler pump

- front end loader

251
Q

What must you consider in choosing pesticide application equipment for a job?

A
  • working conditions and type of target
  • pesticide formulation
  • possible problems
252
Q

True of False: Dusters are commonly used by gardeners and pest control operators for spot treatment of plants or small areas.

A

True

253
Q

True or False: Seeders and fertilizer spreaders often can be used to apply granules without equipment adjustments.

A

True

254
Q

True or False: A fogger is a good equipment choice when there is a sensitive area nearby and the wind is low.

A

False

255
Q

Which type of sprayer would you probably choose to treat a small garden in a residential area?

A

Hand operated sprayer

256
Q

True or False: In general, only homeowners have good use for hand-operated sprayers.

A

False

257
Q

If you had to treat a large athletic complex containing several soccer fields and water was not easily available, what type of sprayer would you choose?

A

Low-pressure boom sprayer

258
Q

What sprayer would you use if the pesticide was formulated only as a wettable powder and the target site had dense foliage?

A

High-pressure sprayer

259
Q

Does a hydraulic sprayer have low pressure or high pressure?

A

High pressure

260
Q

What type of sprayer would you use with a wettable powder formulation to treat an oak tree in a backyard?

A

High-pressure sprayer

261
Q

Which type of sprayer is more likely to cause you to injure sensitive vegetation or wildlife by overdosing with concentrated pesticides?

A

ULV

262
Q

You must increase pressure ___ times to double flow rate.

A

4

263
Q

List 3 materials that nozzles are made from.

A
  • brass
  • plastic
  • stainless steel
  • ceramic
  • hardened stainless steel
264
Q

True or False: Among nozzle materials, brass is the least resistant to wear.

A

True

265
Q

Which pump does not have an automatic pressure relief characteristic?

A

Piston pump

266
Q

List 2 advantages and 1 disadvantage of a piston pump.

A
  • Advantages-There is no leakage inside the pump chamber, Output is virtually unaffected by pressure
  • disadvantage-it has poor maneuverability
267
Q

What are some basic functions of spray nozzles?

A
  • Regulate the flow of liquid
  • To atomize the liquid stream
  • To spread droplets in a specific pattern
268
Q

Worn nozzle tips produce poor spray patterns and ___ flow rates than new nozzles.

A

higher

269
Q

You should replace a used nozzle when its flow rate varies ___ % or more from a new nozzle.

A

5

270
Q

A sprayer should be cleaned after ___ days of use.

A

1

271
Q

When cleaning a sprayer, you should dill and flush the tank with water at least ___ times before using a cleaning solution.

A

2

272
Q

True or False: Even when you have the right mixture in the spray tank, you can still apply the wrong amount of pesticide.

A

True

273
Q

True or False: Once your sprayer is calibrated, its delivery rate will remain constant.

A

False

274
Q

If your sprayer delivers less spray to an area than you want it to, how would you change the rate?

A
  • increase the pressure
  • reduce ground speed
  • use larger nozzles
275
Q

What must you measure to calibrate granular application equipment?

A

The weight of granules spread over a known area.

276
Q

True or False: You must calibrate granular application equipment each time you change granular products.

A

True

277
Q

How many square feet equals 1 acre?

A

43,560

278
Q

32 oz of water was collected from one spray nozzle in 30 seconds. What is the nozzle delivery rate in gallons per minute?

A

.5 GPM

279
Q

How many square feet could you treat with a hand sprayer holding 1 gallon, if it takes 4 oz of the spray mix to treat 100 square feet?

A

3200

280
Q

True or False: Nozzle discharge rate and sprayer calibration should be checked with clean water before adding pesticide.

A

True

281
Q

A fenced yard that is 200 ft wide and 300 ft long needs to be treated along a 6” band on the inside and a 6” band on the outside of the fence. How many square feet will be treated?

A

1000

282
Q

True of False: Wind can actually help reduce air pollution during an inversion.

A

True

283
Q

Weather-wise applications can help you save money by saving the pesticide lost through ___ and ___.

A

Drift, runoff

284
Q

True or False: Windy day application increases hazard to you and bystanders.

A

True

285
Q

True or False: If pesticide drifts onto a non target area, causing injury or economic loss, the applicator is legally responsible.

A

True

286
Q

Why must spray applications dry onto a surface before rain?

A

So the rain won’t cause runoff of the pesticide

287
Q

What harm can pesticide runoff do?

A
  • It can harm non target plants
  • It can harm wildlife
  • It can pollute water
288
Q

What weather factors reduce drift?

A

lack of wind, low temperatures, and high humidity

289
Q

What conditions make early morning or evening a good time for application?

A

Wind speed is lower and humidity is higher than other times of the day.

290
Q

When does an inversion occur?

A

When the surface air is cooler than the air above it.

291
Q

Why should you carefully dispose of surplus pesticides and empty containers?

A
  • To prevent escape of pesticide wastes into the environment
  • To avoid potential health hazards to people and animals
  • To satisfy legal requirements
292
Q

What problems result from buying more pesticide than you can use?

A
  • storage and disposal problems
  • Loss of pesticide effectiveness during storage
  • Unnecessary handling risks
293
Q

What is the proper way to dispose of surplus concentrated pesticide that is still in its original container?

A

If it is unopened, return it to the manufacturer or distributer; Give it to another certified applicator to use

294
Q

True or False: If you rinse out an empty pesticide container three times, you can use it for another purpose or let children play with it.

A

False

295
Q

What should you do with rinse water if you can’t add it to the tank mix?

A

Apply it on a site with a similar pest problem.

296
Q

How should you dispose of empty cardboard fungicide containers?

A

Dispose of them according to label instructions

297
Q

What should you do to dispose of empty metal, glass or plastic containers?

A

Try to return them for recycling

298
Q

___ seals the pesticide container so that leaking of dangerous chemicals does not occur in the final disposal.

A

encapsulation

299
Q

True or False: Certain methods of incineration are acceptable for pesticide disposal.

A

True

300
Q

True or False: Burial of surplus pesticides and empty containers is one of the preferred disposal methods.

A

False

301
Q

Can you incinerate or bury surplus pesticides or containers that have mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic or other inorganic chemicals in them?

A

You can neither incinerate nor bury them

302
Q

Which federal and state laws regulate pesticide disposal methods?

A

FIFRA; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; Clean Air Act

303
Q

True or False: To triple rinse a pesticide container, you should completely fill the container with diluent for each rinse.

A

False

304
Q

True or False: The risk of water pollution from burial of empty containers is less than the risk of air pollution from incineration.

A

False

305
Q

How can you prevent pesticide waste surplus?

A
  • Buy only the amount of pesticide you need
  • Calibrate equipment so you apply only the amount needed
  • Re-use pesticide rinsates
306
Q

What type of pesticide container should not be punctured for disposal?

A

Aerosol

307
Q

Why should you dispose of pesticide waste in a EPA-approved sanitary landfill rather than a municipal dump?

A

Because EPA approved landfills meet federal standards of construction and operation.

308
Q

Why wear protective clothing while you store pesticides, containers and equipment?

A

To minimize your exposure in case of a pesticide spill

309
Q

In case of fire in your storage area, what should fire fighters wear?

A

Air-supplied respirators and chemical-resistant clothing

310
Q

Which of these factors should you consider when choosing a storage site?

A
  • Nearness to sensitive areas
  • Whether flooding is possible
  • Whether the site is upwind or uphill from sensitive areas
311
Q

In what kind of container should pesticides be stored?

A

if undamaged, store in the original container; If damaged, store in a new, clean container and attach original label.

312
Q

What is the main problem with runoff water from your storage area?

A

It could contaminate ground or surface water with pesticide residue

313
Q

How should you treat collected runoff?

A

As surplus pesticide

314
Q

Why is a good supply of soap and water a “must” in any pesticide storage area?

A

To make decontamination and cleanup possible

315
Q

What other materials should deb on hand in a good storage area?

A

Activated charcoal, clay, vermiculite or pet litter

316
Q

True or False: If you are careful, the storage area also may be used to store your lunch, tobacco and street clothes while you are on the job.

A

False

317
Q

Why should the storage area be kept cool?

A

To stabilize flammable chemicals

318
Q

Why should herbicides be stored in a special place apart from other pesticides?

A

They can vaporize and spread into adjacent pesticides

319
Q

How should you organize the disposal section of your storage area?

A

By chemical family

320
Q

What should you do when you discover that one of your pesticide containers is corroding?

A

Put it in a larger container that can be sealed and labeled

321
Q

How should you store opened containers of chlorates?

A

Do not store at all

322
Q

True or False: If a customer asks for a little of your tank mix and hands you an empty glass jar, it is all right for you to give him some as long as you warn him carefully.

A

False

323
Q

Cleanup steps for pesticide spills include:

A
  • Wearing suitable protection
  • Using absorbent materials or sweeping compound
  • Collecting used cleaners and soaked up spill and sealing in a drum
324
Q

True or False: Materials used to absorb a spill should be treated the same as pesticide waste.

A

True

325
Q

Besides meeting legal requirements, how can pesticide application records help you?

A
  • In case of damage suit, records can establish proof of proper pesticide use
  • Records can help you trace residue and damage problems
  • Records can help you make the most efficient and effective use of pesticides, thereby saving time and money
326
Q

When is the best time to fill out record sheets?

A

In the field (during the job)

327
Q

Filling out standard forms…

A

helps you make sure to get all the necessary data

328
Q

If you apply a pesticide and the wind carries it off-target, are you liable even though you tried to be careful?

A

Yes

329
Q

If the site you applied a pesticide to is damaged, even though you followed the directions and dosages on the label, who could be liable?

A

You; The dealer; The manufacturer; The property owner

330
Q

Is pesticide application legally considered an ultra-hazardous activity?

A

Yes

331
Q

Can you be sued for applying pesticides to the wrong target site, even if no damage is done?

A

Yes

332
Q

What is the legal standing of bees killed while “visiting” a sprayed field?

A

The bees are considered trespassers if you gave prior notice to adjacent landowners. Otherwise, you may be liable for harm to the bees.

333
Q

From a legal standpoint, pesticide equipment and containers that are left where children can find them are considered…

A

An “attractive nuisance”

334
Q

Which of the following steps should you take if someone accuses you of pesticide misuse?

A

Take notes and photos to document conditions at the site. Identify witness. Notify your insurance company.

335
Q

Which of the following is least essential for good public relations?

A

good advertising

336
Q

Who can best advise you on your insurance needs?

A

Insurance agents who specialize in pesticide insurance

Texas Pesticide Applicator (3 decks)

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