Application of Evidence based principles Flashcards
1
Q
What is evidence- based medicine?
A
“Integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values”
2
Q
What are the 5 Steps of Integrating EBM to practise?
A
- Form an answerable question
- Find the best evidence
- Critically evaluate the evidence
- Individualise response, based on professional expertise and patient concern
- Evaluate your own performance
3
Q
Why does EBM matter to pharmacists?
A
- its a competency Standards for Pharmacists in Australia 2016
- Standard 5.3: to Research, synthesise and integrate evidence into practice
- we have to access, analyse, interprete and synthesie medical and pharmaceutical literature to clarify an evidence-based practice response appropriate for clinical situations
4
Q
What are the types of results?
A
- Dichotomous variables
- Yes/ no
- Alive/ dead
- Pain/ no pain
- Continuous variables
- Age
- Hair length
- Terminology
- Control group
- Treatment or Intervention group
- Descriptive:
- Describe the population studied
- Age range
- Gender
- Cannot be generalized to any larger group
- Inferential:
- Make predictions or inferences about a population from observations and analyses of a sample
- Sample must be representative of the larger population that it represents
5
Q
Are the results valid?
A
- patients treated the same at the start, during & end of study
- a robust study methodology is critical
6
Q
What do we need to consider when thinking about the quality of research?
A
- Randomisation
- Concealment and blinding
- Intention to treat analysis
- Baseline risk
- Confounding
- Looking at population subsets
- Type of outcomes
- Lost to follow-up
- Placebo effect
7
Q
What is a confidence interval?
A
- expresses the precision of an estimate
- it shows the range within which we’re confident that the true result from a population will lie, 95% of the time
- the narrower the interval
- the more precise
- the better the reliability
