Application Of Ceramics Flashcards
noncrystalline silicates containing other oxides, notably CaO, Na2O, K2O, and Al2O3, which influence the glass properties
Glass
2 prime assets of ceramics
Optical transparency
Easily fabricated
Transform od inorganic glasses from noncrystalline state into crystalline by proper high temperature techniques
Crystallization
often added to the glass to promote crystallization
Nucleating agent
Frequent nucleating agent
Titanium oxide
Widely use raw material in ceramics
Clay
Classification of clay based products
Structural clay products
Whiteware ceramics
become white after the high-temperature firing
Whiteware
applications in which structural integrity is important
Structural clay products
capacity to withstand high temperatures without melting or decomposing and the capacity to remain unreactive and inert when exposed to severe environments
Refactory ceramics
Classification of refactory ceramics
Fireclay refactory
Silicon refactory
Basic refactory
Special refactory
used principally in furnace construction, to confine hot atmospheres, and to thermally insulate structural members from excessive temperatures
Fireclay bricks
Prime ingredient of silica refactory
Silica
refractories that are rich in periclase, or magnesia (MgO)
Basic refractories
especially resistant to attack by slags containing high concentrations of MgO and CaO and find extensive use in some steel-making open hearth furnaces
Basic refractory
high-purity oxide materials, which may be produced with very little porosity
Special refactory
used for electrical resistance heating elements, as a crucible material, and in internal furnace components
Silicon carbide
used to wear, grind, or cut away other material, which necessarily is softer
Abrasive ceramics
Common ceramic abrasive
Silicon carbide
Tungsten carbide
Aluminum oxide
Silica sand
those in which an abrasive powder is coated on some type of paper or cloth material
Coated ceramics
Common example of coated ceramic
Sandpaper
used in loose form over a variety of grain size ranges
Loose abrasive
when mixed with water, they form a paste that subsequently sets and hardens
Cement
act as a bonding phase that chemically binds particulate aggregates into a single cohesive structure
Cement
consumed in the largest tonnages
Portland cement
Produced using calcination
Portland cement
Principal constituents of Portland cement
Tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate
hydraulic cement because its hardness develops by chemical reactions with water
Portland cement
is the hardest—as a result of its extremely strong interatomic sp3 bonds
Diamond
has the lowest sliding coefficient of friction
Diamond
has the widest spectral transmission range of all materials
Diamond
Technique to produce synthetic diamond
High-pressure high-temperature
highly anisotropic
Graphite
graphite is optically opaque with a ________
Black silver color
graphene layers assume the ordered structure of graphite—planes are parallel to one another having relatively weak van der Waals interplanar bonds
Graphitic carbon fiber
more disordered structure results when, during fabrication, graphene sheets become randomly folded, tilted, and crumpled
turbostratic carbon
Is isotropic
Turbostratic or pyrolytic carbon
used extensively as a biomaterial because of its biocompatibility with some body tissues
Pyrolytic carbon
have higher elastic moduli thanturbostratic fibers
Graphitic fibers
composed of both graphitic and turbostratic forms
Carbon fiber
used in microelectromechanical systems as well as the nanocarbons
Advanced ceramics
miniature “smart” systems consisting of a multitude of mechanical devices that are integrated with large numbers of electrical elements on a substrate of silicon
Microelectromechanical system
used in some cutting-edge technologies
Nanocarbons
Nanocarbons used for high-tech application
Fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene
Material compost for C60
Buckminsterfullerene
C60 units form a crystalline structure and pack together in a facecentered cubic array
Fullerite
consists of a single sheet of graphite
Single - walled carbon nanotubes
consisting of concentric cylinders also exist
Multiple walled-carbon nanotubes
is a single-atomic-layer of graphite, composed of hexagonally sp2 bonded carbon atoms
Graphene
Characteristic of graphene
Prefect order of sheet
Unbonder electron
produced by heating the raw materials to an elevated temperature above which melting occurs
Glass
achieved by complete melting and mixing of the raw ingredients
Homogeneity
results from small gas bubbles that are produced;
Porosity
used in the fabrication of relatively thick-walled pieces such as plates and dishes
Pressing
glass piece is formed by pressure application in a graphite-coated cast iron mold having the desired shape
Pressing
done by hand, especially for art objects, the process has been completely automated for the production of glass jars, bottles, and light bulbs
Glass blowing
used to form long glass pieces such as sheet, rod, tubing, and fibers, which have a constant cross section
Drawing
was produced by casting (or drawing) the glass into a plate shape, grinding both faces to make them flat and parallel, and finally, polishing the faces to make the sheet transparent—a procedure that was relatively expensive
Sheet glass
formed by drawing the molten glass through many small orifices at the chamber base
Fiber
result of the difference in cooling rate and thermal contraction between the surface and interior regions
Thermal stress
Weakening of material which may lead to fraction caused by thermal stress
Thermal shock
When water is added into the clay to become plastic
Hydroplasticity
suspension of clay and/or other nonplastic materials in water
Slip
term that refers to a body that has been formed and dried but not fired
Green ceramic body
process of water removal
Drying
gradual formation of a liquid glass that flows into and fills some of the pore volume
Vitrification
the ceramic analogue to powder metallurgy, is used to fabricate both clay and nonclay compositions, including electronic and magnetic ceramics as well as some refractory brick products
Powder pressing
the powder is compacted in a metal die by pressure that is applied in a single direction
Uniaxial pressing
powdered material is contained in a rubber envelope and the pressure is applied by a fluid
Isostatic pressing
powder pressing and heat treatment are performed simultaneously
Hot pressing
process by which there is a coalescence of the powder particles into a more dense mass
Sintering
used for materials that do not form a liquid phase except at very high and impractical temperatures
Hot pressing
widely used in the production of ceramic substrates that are used for integrated circuits and for multilayered capacitors
Tape casting
