Application: Characteristics of an Affective, Psychotic and Anxiety Disorder

Question 1

What are the three types of disorder?

Answer 1

Affective, Psychotic and Anxiety disorders.

Question 2

What is an affective disorder? Give an example.

Answer 2

An affective disorder is a mood disorder. For example depression.

Question 3

What is a psychotic disorder? Give an example.

Answer 3

A psychotic disorder is a disorder where the patient loses touch with reality. For example schizophrenia or bipolar.

Question 4

What is an anxiety disorder? Give an example.

Answer 4

Anxiety disorders include phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 5

What are the main characteristics of the affective disorder of depression in the ICD? List 4 other symptoms of depression in the ICD.

Answer 5

• Depressed mood, loss of interest and enjoyment, increased fatiguability
• Other symptoms include reduced concentration and attention, reduced self-esteem and self-confidence, ideas of guilt and unworthiness and disturbed sleep.

Question 6

What are the diagnostic guidelines of depression in the ICD?

Answer 6

Patients must show two of the three typical symptoms as well as three or more of the other symptoms.

Question 7

What are some characteristics of the affective disorder of depression in the DSM?

Answer 7

• Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
• Diminished interest or pleasure in activities
• Body weight loss
• Excessive sleep
• Restlessness
• Fatigue
• Feeling of unworthiness
• Lack of ability to think
• Recurrent suicidal thoughts

Question 8

What are the diagnostic guidelines of depression in the DSM?

Answer 8

5 of more symptoms must be present during the same two-week period.

Question 9

What are the main characteristics of the psychotic disorder of schizophrenia in the ICD? (letters a-i)

Answer 9

a) Thought echo
b) Delusions of control
c) Hallucinating voices
d) Persistent delusions
e) Persistent hallucinations
f) Breaks in train of thought
g) Categoric behaviour
h) ‘Negative’ symptoms (lacking) e.g. apathy, social withdrawal
i) Change in personal behaviour

Question 10

What are the diagnostic guidelines of schizophrenia in the ICD?

Answer 10

-Minimum of one clear symptom and usually two or more belonging to any one of a) to d) or symptoms from at least two e) to h) should have been clearly present

Question 11

What are the main characteristics of the psychotic disorder of schizophrenia in the DSM?

Answer 11

• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganised Speech
• Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
• Negative symptoms like diminished emotional expression

Question 12

What are the diagnostic guidelines of schizophrenia in the DSM?

Answer 12

Two of the characteristics should be present within one month.

Question 13

What are the main characteristics of the anxiety disorder of agoraphobia in the ICD and what are the diagnostic guidelines?

Answer 13

a) Manifestations of anxiety and not secondary to other symptoms, such as delusions or obsessional thoughts
b) Anxiety must be restricted to at least two of the following situations: crowds, public places, travelling away from home, travelling alone
c) Avoidance of the phobic situation must be, or have been, a prominent feature

All of the above must be fulfilled.

Question 14

What are the main characteristics of the anxiety disorder of agoraphobia in the DSM and what are the diagnostic guidelines?

Answer 14

Marked fear or anxiety about two or more of these situations:

• using public transport
• being in open spaces
• being in enclosed spaces
• standing in line or in a crowd
• being outside of the home alone

Marked fear or anxiety about two or more of the above situations.