Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Issues in Mental Health > Alternatives to the Medical Model > Flashcards

Alternatives to the Medical Model Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 alternatives to the medical model?

A

Cognitive, psychodynamic and behaviourist explanations of mental illness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the cognitive explanation of mental illness assume about mental disorders?

A

-Assumes that mental disorders are a result of faulty thought processes/errors in the way people think

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Outline the cognitive model.

A

Situation —> Thought —> Emotion —> Behaviour

  • Some people may think irrationally
  • People with depression have different thoughts about themselves and the world around them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Beck suggest about depression?

A
  • Suggested 3 beliefs that can be found in someone with depression
  • This is called the negative Cognitive Triad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Negative Cognitive Triad?

A

Negative views about:

  • Themselves
  • The World
  • The future

These are dysfunctional belief themes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Albert Ellis say about mental illness?

A
  • That it is caused and sustained by irrational thinking
  • Suggested people with faulty thinking may set high and unrealistic goals for themselves and when they don’t reach them they feel like failures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)?

A
  • A therapy that tries to change the negative thought processes in the present
  • Changes thought processes to change behaviour
  • Therapist tries to show patient their thinking is irrational and rigid and try to change their thought processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Arbitrary inferences?

A

When you draw negative conclusions off the back of insufficient evidence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is selective/abstract thinking?

A

Focusing on the negative details of events whilst ignoring the positive ones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is overgeneralisation?

A

Drawing sweeping conclusions based on a single incident.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is catastrophising?

A

Exaggerating a minor setback until it becomes a complete disaster.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is black and white thinking?

A

Seeing everything in terms of success or failure - nothing in between.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the behaviourist explanation assume?

A

That all behaviour is learnt as a result of nurture, and we can learn through association (classical), rewards and punishment (operant) and imitation of role models (social learning theory).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can classical conditioning help explain?

A

-Can help us to understand where anxiety disorders come from (e.g. phobias)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happened in the famous study of Little Albert by Watson and Rayner?

A
  • Wanted to see if you can induce phobias
  • Used classical conditioning to create fear response
  • Showed baby different stimuli that he was initially not scared of
  • Every time Albert saw white rat, they would make loud noise
  • Associated loud noise with white rat and therefore cried when he saw white rat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can operant conditioning help us to explain?

A

-Can help us to understand the maintenance of mental illness through negative reinforcement - removing something negative

17
Q

What can social learning theory help us understand?

A

-Perhaps disorders like depression and anxiety can be explained by observation and imitation

18
Q

What is a strength of the behaviourist explanation?

A

-Explains disorders than biology fails to explain

19
Q

What are some weaknesses of the behaviourist explanation?

A
  • Reductionist
  • Deterministic
  • Doesn’t always work
  • Some people have bad experiences and don’t develop a disorder
20
Q

What are the four main behaviourist treatments of mental illness?

A
  • Systematic desensitisation
  • Flooding
  • Aversion therapy
  • Token economy
21
Q

What is systematic desensitisation?

A
  • Relies on relaxation techniques
  • Gradual exposure to feared situation or object while relaxed
  • Patient creates a hierarchy of fear from least to most fear provoking
22
Q

What is Flooding?

A
  • Maximum exposure to most feared situation until fear subsides
  • Initial adrenaline subsides and the patient starts ti feel calmer
23
Q

What is aversion therapy?

A

-Unwanted behaviour is associated with unpleasant stimulus - feeling sick or electric shock

24
Q

What is token economy?

A
  • Tokens given for ‘good’ behaviour and tokens can be saved up and exchanged for rewards later
  • Used to shape behaviour of patients in mental hospitals
25
Q

What are some strengths of behaviourist treatments?

A
  • Works effectively
  • No side effect of treatment
  • No dependency
26
Q

What are some weaknesses of behaviourist treatments?

A
  • Can take time
  • Can be unethical
  • Might only change behaviour not the underlying thoughts - reductionist
27
Q

What is the assumption of the psychodynamic explanation?

A

Assumes mental disorders are a result of inner conflicts of the mind and childhood experiences.

28
Q

What are the 3 parts to our personality

A
  • Id - pleasure principle
  • Ego - reality principle
  • Superego - internal rules
29
Q

What does the psychodynamic explanation suggest about anxiety and depression?

A

That a conflict between the id, ego and superego can cause mental disorders like depression and anxiety.

30
Q

What does the psychodynamic explanation suggest about schizophrenia?

A

-A weak ego that can’t control the id may lead to a loss of contact with reality, and we may return to a child-like state where imagination and reality become one distorted view of life

31
Q

What does the psychodynamic explanation suggest about defence mechanisms?

A
  • The ego employs defence mechanisms to stop our id damaging ourselves
  • Overuse of denial can lead to anxiety and depression if they don’t ‘deal’ with the trauma at the time
  • Suppressing a thought so it remains in our unconscious mind can result in phobias and other mental issues later
32
Q

What is free association?

A

Involves getting patients to talk out loud and freely about a given topic.

33
Q

What is dream analysis?

A
  • Freud thought dreams are representative of our real desires
  • They are the ‘royal road to the unconscious’
  • Manifest and latent content
34
Q

What are strengths of free association and dream analysis?

A
  • Can explain adult behaviour as a result of childhood

- Offers explanation for disorders where other explanations don’t work

35
Q

What are weaknesses of free association and dream analysis?

A
  • Reductionist
  • Not falsifiable
  • Treatment is not a quick fix

Issues in Mental Health (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions