Appetite Regulation and Obesity Flashcards
1
Q
Homeostatic controls
A
- like a feedback regulated thermometer
- include:
hypothalamus, brainstem, and nucleus solitary track - hormones (leptin, CCK, GLP-1) work through this regulated system
2
Q
Hedonic Feeding
A
- not really regulated and responds to reward or other environmental stimuli
- includes:
parts of the brain like the cortex and nucleus accumbens
3
Q
AgRP/NPY neurons
A
- inhibited by leptin and insulin
- increase appetite (ghrelin increases NPY to increase appetite)
- decrease energy expenditure
4
Q
POMC/CART neurons
A
- have opposite effect of AgRP/NPY
- decrease ghrelin
- stimulated by leptin and insulin
DECREASE appetite
INCREAE energy expenditure
5
Q
Satiety
A
the feeling of fullness that persists after eating and suppress further consumption
6
Q
Satiation
A
the process that causes one to stop eating
7
Q
Ghrelin (function)
A
high at start of a meal, but rapidly declines after food intake
8
Q
Leptin (function)
A
- influences appetite center in hypothalamus
- low leptin levels decreases sensitivity to satiation signals
- high leptin levels means you’ll feel full when you’re supposed to
9
Q
CCK (function)
A
- responsive to fat and protein intake
- rapidly reduces meal size and duration
10
Q
PYY (function)
A
- responsive to fat intake
- decreases food intake by 30%
11
Q
High ghrelin levels
A
Grhelin levels increase as a way for you to eat and gain weight
12
Q
Low ghrelin levels
A
- typically low in obese people because they are trying to drive down intake and regulate body weight
13
Q
Leptin Discovery
A
- discovered leptin was the hormone missing from ob/ob mice, and the db/db mouse had enough leptin, but was resistant to it
- humans who are obese are leptin deficient
- leptin will not cure obesity unless that person can’t produce leptin
14
Q
Adipokine
A
- any hormone that is released in response to how much fat tissue you have and is released from fat cells
- Examples: leptin, insulin, and adiponectin
15
Q
How is obesity defined?
A
BMI cut-offs
