Appendix 5: Word Roots Flashcards
abdomin/o
abdomen
acous, acus
sound, hearing
acro
extremity, end
aden/o
gland
adip/o
fat
adren/o
adrenal gland, epinephrine
adrenal/o
adrenal gland
adrenocortic/o
adrenal cortex
aer/o
air, gas
alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o
pain
amnio
amnion
amyl/o
starch
andr/o
male
angi/o
vessel
an/o
anus
aort/o
aorta
arter/o, arteri/o
artery
arteriol/o
arteriole
arthr/o
joint
atel/o
incomplete, imperfect
atlant/o
atlas
atri/o
atrium
audi/o
hearing
azot/o
nitrogenous compounds
bacill/i, bacill/o
bacillus
bacteri/o
bacterium
balan/o
glans penis
bar/o
pressure
bili
bile
bio
life
blast/o
immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell
blephar/o
eyelid
brachi/o
arm
bronch/i, bronch/o
bronchus
bronchiol
bronchiole
bucc/o
cheek
burs/o
bursa
calc/i
calcium
cali/o, calic/o
calyx
carcin/o
cancer, carcinoma
cardi/o
heart
cec/o
cecum
celi/o
abdomen
centesis
puncture, tap
cephal/o
head
cerebell/o
cerebellum
cerebr/o
cerebrum
cervic/o
neck, cervix
cheil/o
lip
chem/o
chemical
chir/o
hand
cholangi/o
bile duct
chol/e, chol/o
bile, gall
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
choledoch/o
common bile duct
chondr/o
cartilage
chori/o, choroid/o
choroid
chrom/o, chromat/o
color, stain
chron/o
time
clasis
breaking
clitor/o, clitorid/o
clitoris
coccy, coccyg/o
coccyx
cochle/o
cochlea (of inner ear)
col/o, colon/o
colon
colp/o
vagina
copro
feces
cor/o, cor/e
pupil
corne/o
cornea
cortic/o
outer portion, cerebral cortex
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull, cranium
cry/o
cold
crypt/o
hidden
cus
sound, hearing
cycl/o
ciliary body, ciliary muscle (of eye)
cyst/o
filled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder, urinary bladder
cyt/o
cell
dacry/o
tear, lacrimal apparatus
dacryocyst/o
lacrimal sac
dactyl/o
finger, toe
dent/o, dent/i
tooth, teeth
derm/o, dermat/o
skin
dilation, dilatation
expansion, widening
duoden/o
duodenum
dynam/o
force, energy
ectasia, ectasis
dilation, dilatation, distention
edema
accumulation of fluid, swelling
electr/o
electricity
embry/o
embryo
emesis
vomiting
encephal/o
brain
endocrin/o
endocrine
enter/o
intestine
epididym/o
epididymis
episi/o
vulva
erg/o
work
erythr/o-
red, red blood cell
erythrocyt/o
red blood cell
esophag/o
esophagus
fasci/o
fascia
fer
carry
ferr/i, ferr/o
iron
fet/o
fetus
fibr/o
fiber
galact/o
milk
gangli/o, ganglion/o
ganglion
gastr/o
stomach
gen
origin, formation
ger/e, ger/o
old age
gingiv/o
gum, gingiva
gli/o
neuroglia
glomerul/o
glomerulus
gloss/o
tongue
gluc/o
glucose
glyc/o
sugar, glucose
gnath/o
jaw
goni/o
angle
gravida
pregnant woman
gyn/o, gynec/o
woman
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
hidr/o
sweat, perspiration
hist/o, histi/o
tissue
hydr/o
water, fluid
hypn/o
sleep
hypophysi/o
pituitary, hypophysis
hyster/o
uterus
iatr/o
physician
ile/o
ileum
ili/o
ilium
immun/o
immunity, immune system
in/o
fiber, muscle fiber
insul/o
pancreatic islets
ir, irit/o, irid/o
iris
jejun/o
jejunum
kali
potassium
kary/o
nucleus
kerat/o
cornea, keratin, horny layer of skin
kin/o, kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o
movement
labi/o
lip
labyrinth/o
labyrinth (inner ear)
lacrim/o
tear, lacrimal apparatus
lact/o
milk
lapar/o
abdominal wall
laryng/o
larynx
lent/i
lens
leuk/o
white, colorless, white blood cell
leukocyt/o
white blood cell
lingu/o
tongue
lip/o
fat, lipid
listhesis
slipping
lith
calculus, stone
lumb/o
lumbar region, lower back
lymphaden/o
lymph node
lymphangi/o
lymphatic vessel
lymph/o
lymph, lymphatic system, lymphocyte
lymph/o, lymphocyt/o
lymphocyte
lysis
separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction
malacia
softening
mamm/o, mast/o
breast, mammary gland
mania
excited state, obsession
medull/o
inner part, medulla oblongata, spinal cord
melan/o
dark, black, melanin
mening/o, meninge/o
meninges
men/o, mens
month, menstruation
metr/o
measure
metr/o, metr/i
uterus
morph/o
form, structure
muc/o
mucus, mucous membrane
muscul/o, my/o
muscle
myc/o
fungus, mold
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
myring/o
tympanic membrane
myx/o
mucus
narc/o
stupor, unconsciousness
nas/o
nose
nat/i
birth
natri
sodium
necrosis
death of tissue
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o, neur/i
nervous system, nerve
noct/i
night
nucle/o
nucleus
nyct/o
night, darkness
ocul/o
eye
odont/o
tooth, teeth
onc/o
tumor
onych/o
nail
oo
ovum
oophor/o
ovary
ophthalm/o
eye
opt/o
eye, vision
orchid/o, orchi/o
testis
or/o
mouth
osche/o
scrotum
osm/o
smell
oste/o
bone
ot/o
ear
ovari/o
ovary
ov/o, ovul/o
ovum
ox/y
oxygen, sharp, acute
palat/o
palate
palpebr/o
eyelid
pancreat/o
pancreas
papill/o
nipple
para
woman who as given birth
parathyr/o, parathyroid/o
parathyroid
paresis
partial paralysis, weakness
path/o
disease, any disease of
ped/o
foot, child
pelvi/o
pelvis
perine/o
perineum
periton, peritone/o
peritoneum
phac/o, phak/o
lens
phag/o
eat, ingest
pharm, pharmac/o
drug, medicine
pharyng/o
pharynx
phil
attracting, absorbing
phleb/o
vein
phobia
fear
phon/o
sound, voice
phot/o
light
phren/o
diaphragm
phrenic/o
phrenic nerve
phyt/o
plant
pituitar/i
pituitary, hypophysis
plas
formation, molding, development
pleur/o
pleura
pneum/o, pneumon/o
lung
pod/o
foot
proct/o
rectum
prostat/o
prostate
prote/o
protein
psych/o
mind
ptosis
dropping, downward displacement, prolapse
ptysis
spitting
puer
child
pulm/o, pulmon/o
lung
pupill/o
pupil
pyel/o
renal pelvis
pylor/o
pylorus
py/o
pus
pyr/o, pyret/o
fever, fire
rachi/o
spine
radicul/o
root of spinal nerve
radi/o
radiation, x-ray
rect/o
rectum
ren/o
kidney
reticul/o
network
retin/o
retina
rhabd/o
rod, muscle cell
rhin/o
nose
sacchar/o
sugar
sacr/o
sacrum
salping/o
tube, uterine tube, auditory (eustachian) tube
schisis
fissure
scler/o
hard, sclera (of eye)
sclerosis
hardening
seb/o
sebum, sebaceous gland
semin
semen
sept/o
septum, partition, dividing wall
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct
sider/o
iron
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
skelet/o
skeleton
somat/o
body
somn/i, somn/o
sleep
son/o
sound, ultrasound
spasm
sudden contraction, cramp
sperm/i, spermat/o
semen, spermatozoa
sphygm/o
pulse
spir/o
breathing
splen/o
spleen
spondyl/o
vertebra
staped/o, stapedi/o
stapes
stasis
suppression, stoppage
steat/o
fatty
stenosis
narrowing, constriction
steth/o
chest
sthen/o
strength
stoma, stomat/o
mouth
synov/i
synovial joint, synovial membrane
tax/o
order, arrangement
ten/o, tendin/o
tendon
terat/o
malformed fetus
test/o
testis, testicle
thalam/o
thalamus
therm/o
heat, temperature
thorac/o
chest, thorax
thromb/o
blood clot
thrombocyt/o
platelet, thrombocyte
thym/o
thymus gland
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid
toc/o
labor
ton/o
tone
tonsil/o
tonsil
tox/o, toxic/o
poison, toxin
trache/o
trachea
trich/o
hair
trop/o
turning
trop
act(ing) on, affect(ing)
troph/o
feeding, growth, nourishment
tympan/o
tympanic cavity (middle ear), tympanic membrane
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
urin/o
urine
uter/o
uterus
uve/o
uvea (of eye)
uvul/o
uvula
vagin/o
sheath, vagina
valv/o, valvul/o
valve
varic/o
twisted and swollen vein, varix
vascul/o
vessel
vas/o
vessel, duct, vas deferens
ven/o, ven/i
vein
ventricul/o
cavity, ventricle
vertebr/o
vertebra, spinal column
vesic/o
urinary bladder
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
vestibul/o
vestibule, vestibular apparatus (of ear)
vir/o
virus
vulv/o
vulva
xen/o
foreign, strange