Appendix 4: Meanings & Their Corresponding Word Parts Flashcards
abdomen
abdomin/o, celi/o
abdominal wall
lapar/o
abnormal
dys-, para-
abnormally high
hyper-
abnormally large
macro-, mega-, megal/o-
abnormally low
hypo-
above
super-, supra-
absence
a-, an-, dis-
absorb(ing)
phil, -philic
accumulation of fluid
edema
act of recording data
-graphy
act(ing) on
trop, -tropic
acute
ox/y
adrenal gland
adren/o, adrenal/o
adrenaline
adren/o
adrenal
adren/o
adrenal cortex
adrenocortic/o
affect(ing)
trop, -tropic
after
post-, met/a
again
re-
against
anti-, contra-, counter-
air
aer/o, pneumat/o
all
pan-
amnion, amniotic sac
amnio
angle
goni/o
anus
an/o
any disease of
-pathy
aorta
aort/o
arm
brachi/o
around
circum-, peri-
arrangement
tax/o
arteriole
arteriol/o
artery
arter/o, arteri/o
at a distance
tel/e, tel/o
atlas
atlant/o
atrium
atri/o
attract(ing)
phil, -philic
auditory (eustachian) tube
salping/o
away from
ab-, ex/o-
babble
-lalia
bacillus
bacill/i, bacill/o
back
re-
backward
retro-
bacterium
bacteri/o
bad
mal-
before
ante-, pre-, pro-
behind
post-, retro-
below
hypo-, infra-, sub-
beside
para-, juxta-
between
inter-
beyond
met/a
bile
bili, chol/e, chol/o
bile duct
cholangi/o
binding
-desis
birth
nat/i
black
melan/o-
bladder
cyst/o, vesic/o
blood
hem/o, hemat/o
condition of blood
-emia, -hemia
blood clot
thromb/o
blue
cyan/o-
body
somat/o, -some
bone
oste/o
bone marrow
myel/o
brain
encephal/o
breaking
-clasis, -clasia
breast
mamm/o, mast/o
breathing
-pnea, spir/o
bronchiole
bronchiol
bronchus
bronch/i, bronch/o
bursa
burs/o
bursting forth
-rhage, -rhagia
calcium
calc/i
calculus
lith
calyx
cali/o, calic/o
cancer
carcin/o
carbon dioxide
-capnia
caricinoma
carcin/o
carry
fer
cartilage
chondr/o
cavity
ventricul/o
cecum
cec/o
cell
-cyte, cyt/o
cerebellum
cerebell/o
cerebral cortex
cortic/o
cerebrum
cerebr/o
cervix
cervic/o
chain (twisted)
strept/o
change
met/a
cheek
bucc/o
chemical
chem/o
chest
thorac/o, steth/o
child
ped/o, puer
choroid
chori/o, choroid/o
ciliary body/muscle
cycl/o
clitoris
clitor/o, clitorid/o
clot
thromb/o
coccyx
coccy, coccyg/o
cochlea
cochle/o
cold
cry/o
colon
col/o, colon/o
color
chrom/o, chromat/o
colorless
leuk/o-
common bile duct
choledoch/o
condition of
-ia, -ia/sis, -ism, -o/sis, -sis, -y
condition of the eye
-opia
condition of urine, urination
-uria
condition of vision
-opia, -opsia
condition of semen
-spermia
constriction
stenosis
contraction (sudden), cramp
spasm
cornea
corne/o, kerat/o
correct
ortho-
cranium
crani/o
crushing
-tripsy
cutting
-tomy
cutting instrument
-tome
cyst
cyst/o
dark
melan/o-
darkness
nyct/o
data
-gram
death of tissue
necrosis
decreased, decrease in
hypo-, -penia
deficiency of
oligo-, -penia
destruction
lysis
development
plas, -plasia
diaphragm
phren/o
different
hetero-
difficult
dys-
dilatation, dilation
ectasia, ectasis
dim
ambly-
discharge
-rhea
disease
path/o, -pathy
dissolving
lysis, -lytic
distance (at a)
tel/e, tel/o
distention
ectasia, ectasis
double
dipl/o-
down
de-
dropping, downward displacement
ptosis
drug, medicine
pharm, pharmac/o
dry
xer/o-
duct, ductus deferens
vas/o
duodenum
duoden/o
ear
ot/o
easy
eu-
eat
phag/o
egg cell
oo, ov/o, ovul/o
electricity
electr/o
embryo
embry/o
embryonic cell
-blast, blast/o
end
tel/e, tel/o, acro
endocrine
endocrin/o
energy
dynam/o
enlargement
-megaly, megal/o
enzyme
-ase
epididymis
epididym/o
epinephrine
adren/o
equal
iso-, equi-
erythrocyte
erythr/o, erythrocyt/o
esophagus
esophag/o
examination of
-scopy
excess
hyper-, super-
excision
-ectomy
excited state
mania
expansion
dilation, dilatation, ectasia, ectasis
extremity
acro
eye
ocul/o, opthalm/o, opt/o, -opia
eyelid
blephar/o, palpebr/o
fallopian tube
salping/o
false
pseudo-
far
tel/e, tel/o
fascia
fasci/o
fat
adip/o, lip/o
fatty
steat/o
fear
-phobia
feces
copro
feeding
throph/o, -trophy, -trophia
fetus
fet/o
fetus (malformed)
terat/o
fever
pyr/o, pyret/o
few
oligo-
fiber
fibr/o, in/o
filled sac or pouch
cyst/o
finger
dactyl/o
fire
pyr/o, pyret/o
first
prim/i-
fissure
-schisis
fixation (surgical)
-pexy
flow
-rhea
fluid
hydr/o
foot
ped/o, pod/o
foreign
xen/o
form
morph/o
formation
gen, genesis, plas, -plasia, -poiesis
force
dynam/o
four
quadr/i, tetra-
fungus
myc/o
fusion
-desis
gall
chol/e, chol/o
gallbladder
cholecyst/o
ganglion
gangli/o, ganglion/o
gas
aer/o, pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneumat/o
gingiva (gum)
gingiv/o
gland
aden/o
glans penis
balan/o
glomerulus
glomerul/o
glucose
gluc/o, glyc/o
good
eu-
grape-like cluster
staphyl/o
growth
troph/o, -trophy, -trophia
gum, gingiva
gingiv/o
hair
trich/o
half
hemi-, semi-
hand
chir/o
hard
scler/o
hardening
sclerosis
head
cephal/o
hearing
acous, acus, audi/o, cus
heart
cardi/o
heat
therm/o
hemorrhage
-rhage, -rhagia
hernia
-cele
hidden
crypt/o
horny layer of skin
kerat/o
hypophysis
hypophysi/o, pituitar/i
islets (pancreatic)
insul/o
ileum
ile/o
ilium
ili/o
immature cell
blast/o, -blast
immune system, immunity
immun/o
imperfect
atel/o
in
end/o-, intra-
in front of
pre-, pro-
incision of
-tomy
increased
hyper-
inflammation
-itis
ingest
phag/o
inner ear
labyrinth/o
instrument for incising (cutting)
-tome
instrument for measuring
-meter
instrument for recording data
-graph
instrument for viewing or examining
-scope
intestine
enter/o
iris
ir, irid/o, irit/o
iron
ferr/i, ferr/o, sider/o
irregular
poikilo-
jaw
gnath/o
jejunum
jejun/o
joint
arthr/o
keratin
kerat/o
kidney
nephr/o, ren/o
labor
toc/o
labyrinth
labyrinth/o
lack of
a-, an-
lacrimal apparatus
dacry/o, lacrim/o
lacrimal sac
dacryocyst/o
large
macro-, mega-, megal/o-
larynx
laryng/o
left
sinistr/o
lens
lent/i, phac/o, phak/o
leukocyte
leuk/o, leukocyt/o
level of carbon dioxide
-capnia
level of oxygen
-oxia
life
bio
light
phot/o
like
-form, -oid
lip
labi/o, cheil/o
lipid
lip/o
liver
hepat/o
localized dilation
-cele
loosening
lysis, -lytic
loss
de-
lumbar region, lower back
lumb/o
lung(s)
pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o
lymph, lymphatic system
lymph/o
lymph node
lymphaden/o
lymphatic vessel
lymphangi/o
lymphocyte
lymph/o, lymphocyt/o
male
andr/o
mammary gland
mamm/o, mast/o
many
multi-, poly-
marrow
myel/o
measure
metr/o
measurement of
-metry
medical specialty
-ics, -iatrics, iatry
medulla oblongata
medull/o
melanin
melan/o
meninges
mening/o, meninge/o
menstruation
men/o, mens
middle
meso-
middle ear
tympan/o
milk
galact/o, lact/o
mimicking
-mimetic
mind
psych/o
mold
myc/o
molding
plas, -plasia
month
men/o, mens
mouth
or/o, stoma, stomat/o
movement
kin/o, kine, -kinesi/o, kinet/o
much
poly-
mucus
muc/o, myx/o
mucous membrane
muc/o
muscle
my/o, muscul/o
muscle cell
rhabd/o
muscle fiber
in/o
nail
onych/o
narrowing
stenosis
near
ad-, juxta-, para-
neck
cervic/o
nerve, nervous system, nervous tissue
neur/o, neur/i
network
reticul/o
neuroglia
gli/o
never
nulli-
new
neo-
night
noct/i, nyct/o
nipple
papill/o
nitrogenous compounds
azot/o
normal
eu-, normo-
nose
nas/o, rhin/o
not
a-, an-, in-, im-, non-, un-
nourishment
troph/o, -trophy, -trophia
nucleus
kary/o, nucle/o
obsession
mania
old
presby-
old age
ger/e, ger/o
on
epi-
one
mon/o-, uni-
one side
hemi-
opening (created surgically)
-stomy
opposed, opposite
contra-, counter-
order
tax/o
origin
gen, genesis
other
hetero-
out, outside
ec-, ecto-, ex/o, extra-
outer portion
cortic/o
ovary
ovari/o, oophor/o
over
hyper-, epi-
ovum
oo, ov/o, ovul/o
oxygen
ox/y, -oxia
pain
-algia, -odynia
pain
-algesia, alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o
painful
dys-
palate
palat/o
pancreas
pancreat/o
pancreatic islets
insul/o
paralysis
-plegia
partial paralysis
-paresis
parathyroid
parathyr/o, parathyroid/o
partial
semi-
partition
sept/o
pelvis
pelvi/o
perineum
perine/o
peritoneum
periton, peritone/o
perspiration
hidr/o
pertaining to
-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ic, -ical, -ile, -ory, -ous
pharynx
pharyng/o
phrenic nerve
phrenic/o
physician
iatr/o
pituitary
pituitar/i, hypophysi/o
plant
phyt/o
plastic repair, plastic surgery
-plasty
platelet
thrombocyt/o
pleura
pleur/o
poison
tox/o, toxic/o, toxin
poor
mal-
potassium
kali
pouch (filled)
cyst/o, cyst/i
pregnant woman
gravida
pressure
bar/o
production
-poiesis
productive cell
blast/o, -blast
profuse flow
-rhage, -rhagia
prolapse
ptosis
promotor
-agogue
prostate
prostat/o
protein
prote/o
pulse
sphygm/o
puncture
centesis
pupil
pupill/o, cor/o, cor/e
pus
py/o
pylorus
pylor/o
radiation
radi/o
rapid
tachy-
reading
-lexia
reconstruction
-plasty
record of data
-gram
recording data
-graphy
rectum
rect/o, proct/o
red
erythr/o-
red blood cell
erythr/o, erythrocyt/o
reducing
-lytic
removal
de-, dis-
removal (surgical)
-ectomy
renal pelvis
pyel/o
plastic repair
-plasty
surgical repair
-rhaphy
respiration
pneum/o, pneumat/o
resembling
-form, -oid
retina
retin/o
rib
cost/o
right
dextr/o-
rod
rhabd/o
root of spinal nerve
radicul/o
rupture
-rhexis
sac (filled)
cyst/o, cyst/i
sacrum
sacr/o
saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct
sial/o
same
equi-, homo-, homeo-, iso-
sclera (of eye)
scler/o
scanty
oligo-
scrotum
osche/o
sebum, sebaceous gland
seb/o
seizure
-lepsy
self
auto-
semen
semin, sperm/i, spermat/o
semen, condition of
-spermia
seminal vesicle
vesicul/o
sensation
-esthesia, esthesi/o
sense of smell
-osmia
sense of taste
-geusia
separation
dis-, -lysis
septum
sept/o
sharp
ox/y
short
brachy-
sigmoid colon
sigmoid/o
simulating
-mimetic
skeleton
skelet/o
skin
derm/o, dermat/o
skull
crani/o
sleep
hypn/o, somn/o, somn/i
slipping
-listhesis
slow
brady-
small
micro-
small body
-some
smell
osm/o, -osmia
sodium
natri
softening
malacia
sound
phon/o, son/o, acous, acus, cus
specialist
-ian, -ist, -logist
specialty
-ics, -iatrics, -iatry
speech
-phasia, -lalia
sperm, spermatozoa
sperm/i, spermat/o
spinal column
vertebr/o
spinal cord
myel/o, medull/o
spine
rachi/o
spitting
-ptysis
spleen
splen/o
splitting
-schisis
stain
chrom/o, chromat/o
stapes
staped/o, stapedi/o
staphylococcus
staphyl/o
starch
amyl/o
stimulator
-agogue
stomach
gastr/o
stone
lith
stoppage
stasis
straight
ortho-
strange
xen/o
strength
sthen/o
streptococcus
strept/o
structure
morph/o
study of
-logy
stupor
narc/o
sugar
glyc/o, sacchar/o, -ose
suppression
stasis
surgical fixation
-pexy
surgical removal
-ectomy
surgical repair, suture
-rhaphy
sweat
hidr/o
swelling
edema
synovial fluid, joint, membrane
synov/i
tap
centesis
taste
-geusia
tear
dacry/o, lacrim/o
teeth
dent/o, dent/i, odont/o
temperature
therm/o
tendon
ten/o, tendin/o
testicle
test/o
testis
test/o, orchid/o, orchi/o
thalamus
thalam/o
thick
pachy-
thorax
thorac/o
three
tri-
thrombocyte
thrombocyt/o
through
dia-, per-, trans-
thymus gland
thym/o
thyroid
thyr/o, thyroid/o
time
chron/o
tissue
hist/o, histi/o
tissue death
necrosis
toe
dactyl/o
together
syn-, sym-
tone
ton/o
tongue
gloss/o, lingu/o
tonsil
tonsil/o
tooth
-dent/o, dent/i, odont/o
toward
ad-
toxin
tox/o, toxic/o
trachea
trache/o
true
eu-
tube
salping/o
tumor
onc/o, -oma
turning
trop/o
twice
bi-, di-
twisted chain
strept/o
twisted and swollen vein
varic/o
two
bi-, di-, dipl/o-
tympanic cavity
tympan/o
tympanic membrane
myring/o, tympan/o
ultrasound
son/o
unchanging
homo-, homeo-
unconsciousness
narc/o
under
hypo-, sub-
unequal
hetero-
upright
ortho-
ureter
ureter/o
urethra
urethr/o
urinary bladder
cyst/o, vesic/o
urination
-uresis
urine, urinary tract, urination
ur/o, -uria
urine
urin/o
uterine tube
salping/o
uterus
hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i, uter/o
uvea
uve/o
uvula
uvul/o
vagina
colp/o, vagin/o
valve
valv/o, valvul/o
varicose vein, varix
varic/o
varied
poikilo-
vas deferens
vas/o
vein
ven/o, ven/i, phleb/o
ventricle
ventricul/o
vertebra
spondyl/o, vertebr/o
vessel
angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
vestibular apparatus, vestibule
vestibul/o
virus
vir/o
vision
opt/o, -opia, -opsia
voice
phon/o, -phonia
vomiting
emesis
vulva
episi/o, vulv/o
wall, dividing wall
sept/o
water
hydr/o
weakness
paresis
white
leuk/o-
white blood cell
leuk/o, leukocyt/o
widening
ectasia, ectasis, dilation, dilatation
within
end/o-, intra-
without
a-, an-, de-
woman
gyn/o, gynec/o
woman who has given birth
para
work
erg/o
x-ray
radi/o
yellow
xanth/o-
