Appendix 2: Abbreviations and their Meanings Flashcards
ā
before
A, Acc
accommodation
āā
of each
A1c
glycated hemoglobin
Ab
antibody
AB
abortion
ABC
aspiration biopsy cytology
ABCDE
asymmetry, uneven borders, different colors, diameter of more than 6 mm, and evolution (change)
ABG(s)
arterial blood gas(es)
ABR
auditory brainstem response
ac
before meals
AC
air conduction
ACE
angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACh
acetylcholine
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
ad lib
as desired
AD
alzheimer disease
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
ADHD
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
ADL
activities of daily living
AE
above the elbow
AED
automated external defibrillator
AF
acid fast; atrial fibrillation
AFB
acid-fast bacillus
AFP
alpha-fetoprotein
Ag
antigen; also silver
AGA
appropriate for gestational age
AI
artificial insemination; aromatase inhibitor
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AK
above the knee
ALL
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AMA
against medical advice
AMB
ambulatory
AMD
age-related macular degeneration
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
AML
acute myeloblastic leukemia
ANS
autonomic nervous system
AP
anteroposterior
APAP
acetaminophen
APC
atrial premature complex; antigen-presenting cell
APTT
activated partial thromboplastin time
aq
water
AR
aortic regurgitation
ARB
angiotensin receptor blocker
ARC
abnormal retinal correspondence
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
ARF
acute respiratory failure, shock lung; acute renal failure
ART
assisted reproductive technology
ASA
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
As, AST
astigmatism
AS
atrial stenosis; arteriosclerosis
ASCVD
arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease
ASD
autism spectrum disorder; atrial septal defect
ASF
anterior spinal fusion
ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
ASHP
American Society of Health System Pharmacists
AT
atrial tachycardia
ATN
acute tubular necrosis
AV
atrioventricular
BAEP
brainstem auditory evoked potentials
BBB
bundle branch block
BC
bone conduction
BCG
bacille Calmette- Guérin (tuberculosis vaccine)
BE
below the elbow; barium enema
bid, b.i.d
twice a day
BK
below the knee
BM
bowel movement
BMD
bone mineral density
BNO
bladder neck obstruction
BP
blood pressure
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia (hypertrophy)
bpm
beats per minute
BRCA1
breast cancer gene 1
BRCA2
breast cancer gene 2
BRP
bathroom privileges
BS
bowel sounds; breath sounds; blood sugar
BSA
body surface area
BSE
breast self-examination
BSO
bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
BT
bleeding time
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
BV
bacterial vaginosis
bx
biopsy
c (with line over it)
with
C
celsius; compliance; cervical vertebra
C-section
cesarean section
CA, Ca
cancer
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
coronary artery disease
CAM
complementary and alternative medicine
cap
capsule
CAPD
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CBC
complete blood count
CBD
common bile duct
CBF
cerebral blood flow
CBR
complete bed rest
cc
with correction
CC
chief complaint
CCPD
continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis
CCU
coronary/cardiac care unit
CF
cystic fibrosis
CFS
chronic fatigue syndrome
CGL
chronic granulocytic leukemia
CHD
coronary heart disease
CHF
congestive heart failure
Ci
Curie
CIN
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
CIS
carcinoma in situ
CJD
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
CK
creatine kinase
CK-MB
creatine kinase MB
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
cm
centimeter
CMG
cystometrography, cystometrogram
CML
chronic myelogenous leukemia
CNS
central nervous system; clinical nurse specialist
c/o, CO
complains of
Co
coccyx; coccygeal
CO2
carbon dioxide
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CP
cerebral palsy
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
CPD
cephalopelvic disporportion
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CRF
chronic renal failure
crit
hematocrit
CRP
C-reactive protein
C&S
culture and (drug) sensitivity (of bacteria)
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
CSII
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
CT
Computed tomography
CTA
Computed tomography angiography
CTE
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
CTS
Carpal tunnel syndrome
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident
CVD
Cardiovascular disease; cerebrovascular disease
CVI
Chronic venous insufficiency
CVP
Central Venus pressure
CVS
Chorionic villus sampling
CXR
Chest x-ray
D&C
Dilation and curettage
DAW
Dispense as written
dB
Decibel
dc, D/C
Discontinue
DCIS
ductal carcinoma in situ
D&E
Dilation and evacuation
DES
Diethylstilbestrol
DEXA
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (scan)
DIC
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
DIFF
Differential count
DIP
Distal interphalangeal
DJD
Degenerative joint disease
dL
Deciliter
DLE
discoid lupus erythematosus
DM
Diabetes mellitus
DNR
Do not resuscitate
DOE
Dyspnea on exertio
DTaP
Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (vaccine)
DRE
Digital rectal examination
DS
Double strength
DSM
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
DTR
Deep tendon reflexes
DUB
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
DVT
Deep vein thrombosis
Dx
Diagnosis
EBL
Estimated blood loss
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
ECG (EKG)
Electrocardiogram, electrocardiography
ECMO
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
ED
Emergency department; erectile dysfunction
EDC
Estimated date of confinement
EEG
Electroencephalogram; electrocephalograph(y)
EGD
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Elix
Elixir
Em
Emmetropia
EMG
Electromyography, electromyogram
ENG
Electronystagmography
ENT
Ear(s), nose, and throat
EOM
Extraocular movement, muscles
EOMI
Extraocular muscles intact
EPO, EP
Erythropoietin
ERCP
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ERG
Electroretinography
ERV
Expiratory reserve volume
ESR
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESRD
End stage renal disease
ESWL
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
ET
Esotropia
ETOH
Alcohol, ethyl alcohol
F
Fahrenheit
FAP
Familial adenomatous polyposis
FBG
Fasting blood glucose
FBS
Fasting blood sugar
FC
Finger counting
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
FEV
Forced expiratory volume
FFP
Fresh frozen plasma
FHR
Fetal heart rate
FHT
Fetal heart tone
FMS
Fibromyalgia syndrome
FPG
Fasting plasma glucose
FRC
functional residual capacity
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
FTI
free thyroxine index
FTND
full-term normal delivery
FTP
full-term pregnancy
FTSG
full-thickness skin graft
FUO
fever of unknown origin
FVC
forced vital capacity
Fx
fracture
g
gram
GA
gestational age
GAD
generalized anxiety disorder
GC
gonococcus
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GFR
glomerular filtration rate
GH
growth hormone
GI
gastrointestinal
GIFT
gamete intrafallopian transfer
Gm+
gram positive
Gm-
gram negative
GU
genitourinary
GYN
gynecology
H&P
history and physical examination
HAV
Hepatitis A virus
Hb, Hgb
hemoglobin
HbA1c
hemoglobin A1c; glycated hemoglobin
HBV
hepatitis B virus
hCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
HCl
hydrochloric acid
Hct, Ht
hematocrit
HCV
hepatitis C virus
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
HDN
hemolytic disease of the newborn
HDV
hepatitis D virus
HEV
hepatitis E virus
HEENT
head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HL
hearing level
HM
hand movements
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
h/o
history of
HPI
history of present illness
HPS
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
HPV
human papillomavirus
HR
heart rate
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
hs
at bedtime
hs-CRP
high sensitivity C-reactive protein (test)
HSV
herpes simplex virus
Ht, Hct
hematocrit
HTN
hypertension
Hx
history
Hz
hertz
131I
iodine-131 (radioactive iodine)
I&D
incision and drainage
I&O
intake and output
IABP
intra-aortic balloon pump
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
IC
inspiratory capacity
ICD
implantable cardioverter defibrillator
ICP
intracranial pressure
ICU
intensive care unit
ID
intradermal
IF
intrinsic factor
IFG
impaired fasting blood glucose
Ig
immunoglobin
IGRA
interferon gamma release assay (test for TB)
IGT
impaired glucose tolerance
IM
intramuscular(ly); intramedullary
INH
isoniazid (anti-TB drug)
IOL
intraocular lens
IOP
intraocular pressure
IPPA
inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
IPPB
intermittent positive pressure breathing
IPPV
intermittent positive pressure ventilation
IRV
inspiratory reserve volume
ITP
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
IU
international unit
IUD
intrauterine device
IV
intravenous(ly)
IVCD
intraventricular conduction delay
IVDA
intravenous drug abuse
IVF
in vitro fertilization
IVP
intravenous pyelography
IVU
intravenous urography
JVP
jugular venous pulse
K
potassium
kg
kilogram
km
kilometer
KUB
kidney, ureter, bladder
KVO
keep vein open
L
lumbar verterbra; liter
LA
long-acting
LAD
left anterior descending (coronary artery)
LAHB
left anterior hemiblock
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
LE
lupus erythematosus
LES
lower esophageal sphincter
LH
luteinizing hormone
LL
left lateral
LLE
left lower extremity
LLL
left lower lobe (of lung)
LLQ
left lower quadrant
LMN
lower motor neuron
LMP
last menstrual period
LOC
level of consciousness
LP
lumbar puncture
LUE
left upper extremity
LUL
left upper lobe (of lung)
LUQ
left upper quadrant
LV
left ventricle
LVAD
left ventricular assist device
LVEDP
left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
LVH
left ventricular hypertrophy
lytes
electrolytes
m
meter
MAOI
monoamine oxidase inhibitor
mcg
microgram
MCH
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
MCHC
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
mcL
microliter
mcm
micrometer
MCP
metacarpophalangeal
MCV
mean corpuscular volume
MDR
multidrug resistant
MDS
myelodysplastic syndrome
MEDs
medicines, medications
MEFR
maximal expiratory flow rate
MEN
multiple endocrine neoplasia
mEq
milliequivalent
MET
metastasis
mg
milligram
MG
myasthenia gravis
MHT
menopausal hormone therapy
MI
myocardial infarction
MID
multi-infarct dementia
mL
milliliter
mm
millimeter
MMFR
maximum midexpiratory flow rate
mm Hg
millimeters of mercury
MMT
manual muscle test(ing)
MR
mitral regurgitation, reflux
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
MRSA
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MS
multiple sclerosis; mitral stenosis
MTP
metatarsophalangeal
MTBI
mild traumatic brain injury
MUGA
multigated acquisition (scan)
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
MVR
mitral valve replacement
Na
sodium
NAA
nucleic acid amplification (test for TB)
NAD
no apparent distress
NB
newborn
NCCAM
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
NG
nasogastric
NGU
nongonococcal urethritis
NHL
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
NICU
neonatal intensive care unit; neurologic intensive care unit
NKDA
no known drug allergies
NMJ
neuromuscular junction
NPH
normal pressure hydrocephalus; neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin)
NPO
nothing by mouth
NRC
normal retinal correspondence
NREM
nonrapid eye movement
NS, N/S
normal saline
NSAIDs
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
NV
near vision
N&V
nausea and vomiting
N/V/D
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
O2
oxygen
OA
osteoarthritis
OB
obstetrics, obstetrician
OCD
obsessive-compulsive disorder
ODS
Office of Dietary Supplements
OGTT
oral glucose-tolerance test
OI
osteogenesis imperfecta
OL
otolaryngology
OOB
out of bed
OM
otitis media
OR
operating room
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
ORL
otorhinolaryngology
ortho, ORTH
orthopedics
OT
occupational therapy/therapist
OTC
over-the-counter
p
after, post
P
pulse
PA
posteroanterior; physician assistant
PAC
premature atrial contraction
PaCO2
arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide
PACU
postanesthesia care unit
PaO2
arterial partial pressure of oxygen
PAP
pulmonary arterial pressure
pc
after meals
PCA
patient-controlled analgesia
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention
PCL
posterior cruciate ligament
PCOS
polycystic ovarian syndrome
PCP
Pneumocystis pneumonia
PCV
packed cell volume
PCWP
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus
PDD
pervasive developmental disorder
PDR
Physician’s Desk Reference
PE
physical examination
PEEP
positive end-expiratory pressure
PEFR
peak expiratory flow rate
PEG
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (tube)
PEP
protein electrophoresis
PE(R)RLA
pupils equal, (regular), react to light and accommodation
PET
positron emission tomography
PFT
pulmonary function test
pH
scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration
Ph
Philadelphia chromosome
PICC
peripherally inserted central catheter
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
PIH
pregnancy-induced hypertension
PIP
proximal interphalangeal (joint); peak inspiratory pressure
PKU
phenylketonuria
PMH
past medical history
PMI
point of maximal impulse
PMN
polymorphonuclear (neutrophil)
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
PND
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
PNS
peripheral nervous system
po, PO
by mouth
poly, polymorph
neutrophil
PONV
postoperative nausea and vomiting
postop, post-op
postoperative
pp
postprandial (after a meal)
PPD
purified protein derivative (tuberculin)
PPI
proton pump inhibitor
preop, pre-op
preoperative
PRL
prolactin
prn
as needed
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
PSF
posterior spinal fusion
PSS
physiologic saline solution; progressive systemic sclerosis
PSVT
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
pt
patient
PT
physical therapy/therapist
PT, ProTime
prothrombin time; pro time
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
PTH
parathyroid hormone
PTSD
post-traumatic stress disorder
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
PUVA
psoralen ultraviolet A
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
PYP
pyrophosphate (scan)
qam
every morning
qh
every hour
q__h
every __ hours
qid, q.i.d
four times a day
QNS
quantity not sufficient
QS
quantity sufficient
R
respiration
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake
RAS
reticular activating system
RATx
radiation therapy
RBC
red blood cell; red blood (cell) count
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
REM
rapid eye movement
RIA
radioimmunoassay
RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
RL
right lateral
RLE
right lower extremity
RLL
right lower lobe (of lung)
RLQ
right lower quadrant
RLS
restless legs syndrome
RML
right middle lobe (of lung)
R/O
rule out
ROM
range of motion
ROS
review of systems
RSI
repetitive strain injury
RSV
respiratory syncytial virus
RTC
rotator cuff
RUE
right upper extremity
RUL
right upper lobe (of lung)
RUQ
right upper quadrant
RV
residual volume
Rx
drug, prescription, therapy
s (with line over it)
without
S
sacrum; sacral
S1
first heart sound
S2
second heart sound
SA
sustained action; sinoatrial
SARS
severe acute respiratory syndrome
SBE
subacute bacterial endocarditis
sc
without correction
SC, SQ, subcut.
subcutaneous(ly)
SCLE
subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
seg
neutrophil
SERM
selective estrogen receptor modulator
SG
specific gravity
SIADH
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (secretion)
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
SITS
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
SK
streptokinase
SL
sublingual
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
SPECT
single-photon emission computed tomography
SPF
sun protection factor
SpO2
oxygen percent saturation
SR
sustained release
ss (with line over it)
half
SSEP
somatosensory evoked potentials
SSRI
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
ST
speech threshold
staph
staphylococcus
STAT
immediately
STD
sexually transmitted disease
STI
sexually transmitted infection
strep
streptococcus
STSG
split-thickness skin graft
supp
suppository
susp
suspension
SVD
spontaneous vaginal delivery
SVT
supraventricular tachycardia
T
temperature; thoracic vertebra
T1DM
type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2DM
type 2 diabetes mellitus
T3
triiodothyronine
T4
thyroxine; tetraiodothyronine
T7
free thyroxine index
T&A
tonsils and adenoids; tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
tab
tablet
TAH
total abdominal hysterectomy
TB
tuberculosis
TBG
thyroxine-binding globulin
TBI
traumatic brain injury
99mTc
technetium-99m
TCA
tricyclic antidepressant
TEE
transesophageal echocardiography
TGV
thoracic gas volume
THA
total hip arthroplasty
THP
total hip precautions
THR
total hip replacement
TIA
transient ischemic attack
tid, t.i.d
three times per day
tinct
tincture
TKA
total knee arthroplasty
TKO
to keep open
TLC
total lung capactiy
Tm
maximal transport capacity; tubular maximum
TM
tympanic membrane
Tn
troponin
TNM
(primary) tumor, (regional lymph) nodes, (distant) metastases
TMJ
temporomandibular joint
tPA
tissue plasminogen activator
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
TPR
temperature, pulse, respiration
TPUR
transperineal urethral resection
TSE
testicular self-examination
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSS
toxic shock syndrome
T(C)T
thrombin (clotting) time
TTP
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
TTS
temporary threshold shift
TUIP
transurethral incision of prostate
TURP
transurethral resection of prostate
TV
tidal volume
Tx
traction
U
units
UA
urinalysis
UC
uterine contractions
UFE
uterine fibroid embolization
UG
urogenital
UGI
upper gastrointestinal
UMN
upper motor neuron
ung
ointment
URI
upper respiratory infection
USP
United States Pharmacopeia
UTI
urinary tract infection
UTP
uterine term pregnancy
UV
ultraviolet
UVA
ultraviolet A
UVB
ultraviolet B
VA
visual acuity
VAC
vacuum-assisted closure
VAD
ventricular assist device
VBAC
vaginal birth after cesarean section
VC
vital capacity
VD
venereal disease
VDRL
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
VEP
visual evoked potential
VF
visual field
VF, v fib
ventricular fibrillation
VLDL
very low density lipoprotein
VPC
ventricular premature complex
VRSA
vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
VS
vital signs
VSD
ventricular septal defect
VT
ventricular tachycardia
VTE
venous thromboembolism
VTG
thoracic gas volume
vWF
von WIllebrand factor
WBC
white blood cell; white blood (cell) count
WD
well developed
WNL
within normal limits
w/o
without
WPW
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
x
times
XT
exotropia
y/o, YO
years old, year-old
ZIFT
zygote intrafallopian transfer