Appendicular Skeleton Muscles - Lower Body

Question 1

Sartorius

Answer 1

Action: Flex knee, abduct and laterally rotate thigh;
Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
Insertion: Proximal tibia

Question 2

Iliacus

Answer 2

Action: Flexion at hip;
Origin: Iliac fossa;
Insertion: Just inferior to lesser trochanter of femur

Question 3

Psoas Major

Answer 3

Action: Flexion at hip or lumbar intervertebrals;
Origin: Transverse process of T12-L5;
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Question 4

Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, and Adductor Brevis

Answer 4

Action: Adduct, medially rotate, and flex thigh;
Origin: Ischium, pubis;
Insertion: Linea aspera, adductor tubercle

Question 5

Gracilis

Answer 5

Action: Adduct thigh, medially rotate and flex knee;
Origin: Inferior ramus and pubis;
Insertion: Medial tibia

Question 6

Quadriceps Femoris: Rectus Femoris

Answer 6

Action: Extend knee, flex thigh at hip;
Origin: Iliac spine and acetabulum;
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity and patella

Question 7

Quadriceps Femoris: Vastus Lateralis

Answer 7

Action: Extend knee;
Origin: Greater trochanter of femur and linea aspera;
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity and patella

Question 8

Quadriceps Femoris: Vastus Medialis

Answer 8

Action: Extend knee;
Origin: Linea aspera;
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity and patella

Question 9

Quadriceps Femoris: Vastus Intermedius

Answer 9

Action: Extend knee;
Origin: Lateral femur;
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity and patella

Question 10

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Answer 10

Action: Flex, abduct and medially rotate thigh;
Origin: Iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: Fascia latae iliotibial tract (IT band)

Question 11

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 11

Action: Thigh extensor;
Origin: Ilium, sacrum, coccyx;
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 12

Gluteus Medius

Answer 12

Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh;
Origin: Upper surface of ilium;
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Question 13

Gluteus Minimus

Answer 13

Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh;
Origin: Inferior surface of ilium;
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Question 14

Piriformis

Answer 14

Action: Lateral rotation and abduction of hip;
Origin: Sacrum;
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Question 15

Hamstrings: Biceps Femoris

Answer 15

Action: Extend thigh, flex knee, rotate leg;
Origin: Linea aspera, ischial tuberosity;
Insertion: Fibula and tibia

Question 16

Hamstrings: Semitendinosus

Answer 16

Action: Extend thigh, flex knee, rotate leg;
Origin: Ischial tuberosity;
Insertion: Medial upper tibia

Question 17

Hamstrings: Semimembranosus

Answer 17

Action: Extend thigh, flex knee, rotate leg;
Origin: Ischial tuberosity;
Insertion: Tibia and femur

Question 18

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus

Answer 18

Action: Plantar flexion;
Origin: Proximal fibula;
Insertion: Metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform

Question 19

Fibularis (peroneus) Brevis

Answer 19

Action: Plantar flexion;
Origin: Distal fibula;
Insertion: Metatarsal 5

Question 20

Tibialis Anterior

Answer 20

Action: Dorsiflexion and inversion;
Origin: Lateral Condyle Tibia and interosseous membrane;
Insertion: Cuneiform and metatarsal 1

Question 21

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 21

Action: Toe extension, dorsiflexion;
Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia and proximal fibula;
Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Question 22

Gastrocnemius

Answer 22

Action: Plantar flexion;
Origin: Medial and lateral condyle of femur;
Insertion: Calcaneus

Question 23

Soleus

Answer 23

Action: Plantar Flexion;
Origin: Proximal tibia and fibula;
Insertion: Calcaneus

Question 24

Tibialis Posterior

Answer 24

Action: Inversion, plantar flexion;
Origin: Superior tibia and fibula;
Insertion: Tarsals and metatarsals 2-4

Question 25

Popliteus

Answer 25

Action: Medial flexion and rotate knee;
Origin: Lateral condyle of femur;
Insertion: Proximal tibia