appendiciular skeleton Flashcards
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
Axial and appendicular
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
80 bones
What are the three major segregations of the axial skeleton?
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Thoracic cage
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
126 bones
What does the appendicular skeleton include?
- Bones of upper limbs
- Bones of lower limbs
- Pectoral girdles
- Pelvic girdle
What is the function of the pectoral girdle?
Attaches bones of upper limbs to axial skeleton
What bones make up the pectoral girdle?
- Clavicle (collar bone)
- Scapula (shoulder blade)
What is the humerus?
Upper arm bone
With which bones does the humerus articulate?
- Scapula at shoulder
- Radius and ulna at elbow
What is the ulna?
Medial bone of the forearm
What is the radius?
Lateral bone of the forearm
How many bones are in the carpus (wrist)?
8 bones
How many metacarpals are in the hand?
5 bones
How many phalanges are in the fingers?
14 bones
What is unique about the thumb’s phalanges?
Has only 2: proximal and distal
What forms the pelvic girdle?
Two hip bones
What bones make up each hip bone?
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pubis
What is the femur?
Thigh bone, largest bone in the body
With which bones does the femur articulate?
- Hip proximally
- Tibia and fibula distally
What is the patella?
Kneecap in front of the knee joint
What is the tibia?
Larger medial, weight-bearing bone of the leg
What is the fibula?
Lateral bone of the leg, smaller
How many bones are in the tarsus?
7 bones
What is the largest tarsal bone?
Calcaneus (heel bone)
What is the generalization about skeletal sexual dimorphism?
Males usually have heavier and longer bones
How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis?
- Wider
- Shallower
- Larger pelvic outlet
- Oval shape
What is the typical pubic arch angle in males?
Less than 90 degrees and triangular
What changes occur in the skeleton at birth?
Fontanelles, head large and shaped differently, several bones unfused
What happens to the skeleton during puberty in females?
The pelvis broadens
What occurs in old age regarding the skeletal system?
Loss of bone mass and decrease in stature
True or False: The female sacrum is narrower than the male sacrum.
False
