Appendages Pili, Sexpilus and Flagella (in E. coli) Flashcards

1
Q

What are fimbriae/pilli

A

thin filaments extending a few um from cell. located all over cell surface

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2
Q

What is the structure of pilli

A

multiple subunits of a protein arrange in helix. subunits held by hydrophobic force and non-covalent bonds. another adhesive protein located at tip

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3
Q

What is the fn of pilli

A

adhere to surfaces

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4
Q

Where are fimbriae subunits synthesized

A

synthesized in cytoplasm and exported into periplasm by Sec system

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5
Q

How do fimbriae subunits cross the OM

A

by using a chaperone usher system. in system subunits bound by periplasmic proteins called chaperones.chaperone deliver subunits to integral OM protein usher complex

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6
Q

What is the purpose of binding fimbriae subunits to chaperones

A

binding prevents subunits from assembling into fimbriae in periplasm.

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7
Q

What happens to pilli subunits at usher complex

A

subunits pass through a pore in the usher complex and self assemble into helical fibre that extends from surface of cell

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8
Q

Where does the growth of fimbriae helical fibre start from

A

from proximal end

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9
Q

What is the structure of the sexpillus

A

like pilli it is a filament composed of protein subunits. however larger in diameter and longer

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10
Q

What does the F (fertility) plasmid of E. coli encode

A

the genes for synthesis of sexpillus

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11
Q

What is the fn of sexpilli

A

used in conjugation to help overcome the electrostatic barrier between cells

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12
Q

When a flagella is peritrichous

A

multiple flagella all over cell surface. eg E. coli

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13
Q

Name the structural components of flagellum in E. coli

A

basal body, hook, filament and motor proteins. all made of proteins

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14
Q

Structure of the basal body of flagella

A

a hollow central rod running through four proteins rings

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15
Q

Describe the four protein rings of the basal body

A

L ring associated w/LPS. P ring associated w/peptidogylcan. MS ring is in PM, connected to rod. C ring attached to cytoplasmic side of MS ring to indirectly connect to rod

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16
Q

What is the C ring of basal body made up of

A

multiple copies of 3 Fli proteins

17
Q

Structure of hook component of flagella

A

short curved sleeve protruding from cell. connected to the rod of basal body and the filament

18
Q

Structure of the filament component of flagella

A

semi-rigid hollow helical filament composed of multiple subunits of a protein called flagellin

19
Q

What is associated with the MS ring

A

motor proteins MotA and MotB. MotB anchors MotAB complex to peptidoglycan

20
Q

Synthesis of the filament

A

Flagellin synthesized in cytoplasm. transferred to hollow core of the rod and hollow filament. new subunits are added to the distal end

21
Q

The motor of flagellum

A

the motor that turns the flagellum is composed of a rotor and a stator

22
Q

Structure of stator of flagella

A

stationary, composed of Mot proteins

23
Q

Fn of stator of motor of flagella

A

use PMF as source of nrg to turn rotor. proteins pass from periplasm to cytoplasm in channels of Mot proteins. produce a conformational change in Mot proteins, this turns rotor.

24
Q

Which part of the flagella turns and how

A

rotor is the C ring. turning of C ring turns the MS ring, the attach rod, hook and the filament. The L and P rings do not turn, they act as bushings

25
When the filament turns CCW what peritrichous bacteria do
the hooks bend and filament forms a rotating bundle
26
What is the default movement of filament
CCW
27
What happens when the filament turns CW
cell tumbles, bundle is undone and cell stays in same area
28
What affects the length of the runs
Hz in which the filament is switched from CCW to CW affects number of tumbles and number of random changes in direction. therefore affecting length