Apoptosis

Question 1

CDKs

Answer 1

These are the catalytic subunits of the cell cycle. Not active without cyclin. These are constitutively expressed.

Question 2

Cyclins

Answer 2

These are the regulatory subunits of the cell cycle. Responsible for substrate recognition. Expression is highly regulated.

Question 3

Regulation of CDK process

Answer 3

CDK has a P bound.

Cyclin then adds P and the initially bound P will be removed from the CDK. Now CDK is active.

Question 4

What turns on cyclin D?

Answer 4

Growth Factor

Question 5

Restriction point

Answer 5

No growth factor needed

Question 6

How is Rb regulated?

Answer 6

By phosphorylation

-Rb is P by CDK/Cyclin D, then it falls off E2F and gene expression can occur.

Question 7

Holds chromosomes together

Answer 7

Cohesion

Question 8

Breaks down cohesion

Answer 8

Separase

Question 9

Lets go of separate to go break cohesion

Answer 9

Securing

Question 10

INKS and CIPS

Answer 10

Competitive inhibitors
- Bind to CDK and prevent association with cyclins.

**CIPs- non competitive (Bind the activated CDK/Cyclin complex).

Question 11

P53

Answer 11

Activates p21 which is a CKI and enforces a G1/S checkpoint.

Question 12

Phosphorylation of CDC25A. . .

Answer 12

inhibits its activity .. allowing CDKs to remain phosphorylated and inhibited.

Question 13

Check point at G1/S can be activated by

Answer 13

induction of CKI to inhibit CDK

mods that target cyclins for degradation

mods that inhibit CDC25 phosphatase activity which inhibits CDKs.

Question 14

Familial Melanoma

Answer 14

mut in p16INK4a

Question 15

Caspases are synthesized as inactive zymogens , which are activated through cleavage

Answer 15

** We don’t want these to be activated until we need them!!!

Question 16

Pro-apoptotic

Answer 16

Bax, BAD PUMA

Question 17

Cytochrome C is a co-activator of

Answer 17

caspase 9

Question 18

3,6,7 activated by - in intrinsic

Answer 18

9