Apicals and Values Flashcards
Which TV valves are in A4C?
Anterior (right)
Septal (left)
How are the MV leaflets in A4C?
AMVL (right)
PMVL (left)
Simpson’s EF normals
Men: 52-72%
Women: 54-74%
When is LA volume trace done?
A4C end-systole
A2C end-systole
LAVI normal
</= 34ml/m^2
What does PW through MV measure?
E wave
Decel time
A wave
E wave normal, Decel time normal and E/A ratio
E: 0.6-1.3m/s
Decel time: 160-220ms
E/A ratio: 0.8-2.0
E after __ and A after __.
E after T
A after P
What is TDI of the MV annulus looking at? In which plane?
Looking at speed of annulus in the longitudinal plane.
TDI lateral normal
e’ >/= 10cm/s
TDI medial/septal normal
e’ >/= 7cm/s
E/e’ normal
<8
Which PV does the PW sample? What is the normal?
RUPV
S wave > D wave
When is RVID measured?
End-diastole
RVIDd base normal and mid normal
Base: <41mm
Mid: <35mm
RAVI normals
Men: </=32ml/m^2
Women: </=27ml/m^2
RA area normal
<18cm^2
TAPSE normal
> /= 1.7cm
RV TDI lateral normal
s’ > 9.5cm/s
What does s’ measure? What does TAPSE measure?
s’ is how fast TV annulus moves towards apex in systole. TAPSE is how far TV annulus moves.
Which doppler is used to assess LVOT in A5C and why?
PW- to evaluate for LVOT obstruction and obtain VTI for calculations.
Which doppler is used to assess AV in A5C and why?
CW- to assess regurg and stenosis.
Which AV leaflets are seen in A5C?
RCC (right)
NCC (left)
LVOT VTI normal
peak velocity <1.5m/s
AV VTI normal
peak velocity <1.7m/s
AV VTI peak gradient normal
<10mmHg
AV VTI mean gradient normal
<5mmHg
AVA equation
= CSA (use LVOT) x VTI
—————————
VTI
How are the MV leaflets in A2C?
PMVL (right)
AMVL (left)
How are the AV leaflets in A3C?
NCC (right)
RCC (left)
RV TDI lateral normal
s’ > 9.5cm/s
