Aphasia Terms Flashcards
word-retrieval deficits with preserved repetition and spontaneous speech
anomia
anomia can be a…____ or ____
symptom of aphasia or can be type of aphasia itself
typical characteristics of anomis
- delayed or unable to retrieve words
- may be specific to certain classes of words
- may talk around the problem (circumlocution)
- may substitute general words for a specific thing
is anomia a phoneme problem or a semantic, word level problem
it IS a semantic, word-level problem
What is paraphasia
production of unintended syllables, words, or phrases during speech.
Are paraphasia errors deliberate?
No, substitution errors, not deliberate
What type of aphasia usually demonstrates paraphasia
generally found in fluent aphasia
3 types of substitutions found in paraphasia
literal, neologistic, and verbal
What are literal substitutions
phonemic substitutions, sequential errors (nen for pen, or pet for pen) have a mix fluent or non
What are neologisitc substitutions
jargon substitutions (alovit for pen), resulting from severe phonemic substitutions and/or mis-sequencing (Neologisms). Isolated to wernickes or Post or fluent aphasia
What are verbal (semantic) substituions
word substitutions (paper for pen); not a circumlocution, which is an intended substitution
What is perseverative paraphasia
previous response persists, interferes with retrieval of new response
What is stereotypic speech
Oral expression relegated to sub-propositional speech only
i.e. overlearned, rote productions
May be limited to only yes/no, even
Agrammatic is usually found in what type of aphasia
non-fleunt oral expression–>brocas
Agrammatism is characterized by
Omission of grammatical variety
Omission of functor words (articles, prepositions personal pronouns, verb inflections)
Lack variety, clarity, specificity
Examples of description of agrammatic sytntax
likely omitting parts of speech that are obliged to be there, simplifications, not a variety in sentence strucutres
Paragrammatism is a descriptor of syntax in
fluent oral expression (typically)
Is Paragrammatism is characterized by omission or errors in grammar
errors in grammar
Paragrammatism- errors in grammar include
tense markers, misuse of pronouns, confused syntax, and oddly produced sentence forms. Violate grammar and syntax rules
What is repetition
“Ability to reproduce, from auditory presentation, patterns of familiar speech sounds”
-Impaired repetition is diagnostically significant
Intact repetition requires whole “circuit”
What is oral reading
- Motor speech production of written text
- Ability to phonetically decode written text and
- Ability to motorically produce that code aloud
What is reading comprehension
- Understanding the meaning, implications, of written text
- Concrete v. abstract
- Literal v. metaphorical
What is alexia
acquired reading disorder; different types
Different types of alexia
- right hemisphere based
2. left hemisphere based- often associated with alexia. Every patient with aphasia will have some degree of alexia
Alexia with agraphia (parieto-temporal alexia)
impaired reading and writing
Alexia without agraphia (occipital alexia)
Impaired reading, relatively preserved writing
Frontal alexia
- Single-word RC for content
- Impaired RC for other parts of speech
- Also impaired writing
Written Expression is
Transmission of linguistically organized motor instructions & produced in visual symbol format (not auditory symbol) (G
What is agraphia
acquired impairment in written expression. Right or left hemi based. If left, often associated with aphasia
Frontal agraphia
Impaired motoric aspects of writing (spelling, formation)
Parietal agraphia
Impaired access to, or organization of, graphemes to support meaning
Alexic-agraphia
Impaired reading and writing
Apraxic-agraphia
Impaired ability to plan/sequence writing movements, even gestures
General Category- Nonfluent/anterior. What are the syndromes
Brocas, Transcortical motor, Global, and Transcortical mixed
General Category-Fluent/posterior
Wernickes, Conduction, anomic, and transcortical sensory
Key symptoms and generally associated site of lesion for Brocas
- agrammatic production
- Broca’s and surrounding area
Key symptoms and generally associated site of lesion for Transcortical Motor
- agrammatic production~like borca’s
- prefrontal cortex of L frontal lobe
Key symptoms and generally associated site of lesion for Global
- poor AC, minimal OE
- Posterior & frontal perisylvian language region
Key symptoms and generally associated site of lesion for Transcortical mixed
- poor AC, minimal OE~Like Global, but repetition intact
- Diffuse, multifocal damage to frontal, parietal lobes
Key symptoms and generally associated site of lesion for Wernicke’s
- Poor AC, jargon OE, press for speech
- Wernicke’s area (post part of superior temporal gyrus)
Key symptoms and generally associated site of lesion for Conduction
- Severely impaired repetition, otherwise “good” OE
- Association tract beneath posterior temporo-parietal boundary (arcuate fasciculus)
Key symptoms and generally associated site of lesion for Anomic
- Word-finding deficits, empty speech
- Angular gyrus (posterior temporo-parietal boundary)
Key symptoms and generally associated site of lesion for Transcortical-sensory
- Like Wernicke’s, but repetition intact
- Inferior temporo-occipital border area
