Aphasia

Question 1

difference between 2 types of causes/antecedent of ischemic stroke

Answer 1

thrombosis: gradual stenosis of artery by artherosclerosis. gradual w/ symptoms (FAST)
embolic: clot that detaches and moves to a smaller artery. sudden.

Question 2

what is antecedent/cause of hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 2

aneurism: weakness in arterial wall

Question 3

3 differential criteria for Boston classification of aphasia

Answer 3

Fluent? (anomia)
Comprehends?
Repeats?

(no to L, yes to R)
Global – mixed transcortical – Broca’s - transcortical motor – Wernicke’s – transcortical sensory – conduction - anomic

Question 4

3 different models of classification of aphasias

Answer 4

neurologic (ex: Boston)
psycholinguistic (ex: PALPA)
connexionist

Question 5

hallmarks of broca’s aphasia

4

Answer 5

• understands better than expresses
• aggramaticism (better WF than sentence construction; mostly content words)
• awareness; attempts to self-correct
• possible apraxia

Question 6

hallmarks of wernicke’s aphasia

3

Answer 6

• most severe fluent aphasia ; expresses better than understands
• jargons + neologisms; “press for speech”
• lacks insight

Question 7

hallmarks of global aphasia

3

Answer 7

• severe deficits receptive and expressive
• automatic speech
• perseveration

Question 8

meaning of agnosia

Answer 8

perceptual neglect of something

Question 9

aphasia terms:
stereotypy 
neologism
automatism
circonlocution
agrammatism

Answer 9

stereotypy: ritually repeated word/non-word (“tan tan”)
neologism: paraphasia where more than 50% of word has changed
automatism: repeated word used correctly but abnormally frequently
circonlocution: use vague group of words to name object
agrammatism: speak w/o morphology/syntax; “telegramese”

Question 10

2 factors associated with poor prognostic in aphasia

selon Heather

Answer 10

• lack of insight
• comprehension deficit

+

• age
• type of aphasia
• size and location of lesion
• comorbidities
• delay before therapy

Question 11

which type of stroke has more spontaneous recovery

Answer 11

hemorraghic; bc function can increase when pressure and swelling reduces (w/ ischemic, dead tissue doesn’t regenerate)

Question 12

factors for candidacy for aphasia therapy

Answer 12

• medically stable
• physical tolerance (at least 15 minutes)
• level of alertness/attention
• learning potential
• motivation

Question 13

different approaches in aphasia therapy

3

Answer 13

• traditional approach (focus on improvements of language impairments)
• psychosocial/functional approach (optimize life w/ aphasia)
• social (focus on social needs/consequences)

Question 14

different elements of SMART acronym in English

Answer 14

S - specific
M - measurable
A - attainable
R - relevant
T - time based

Question 15

how to facilitate generalization in apphasia therapy

4

Answer 15

• integrate generalization from the start
• functional stimuli
• alter feedback to involve function
• role play

Question 16

2 different presentations/causes of word finding difficulties and how to differentiate

Answer 16

• semantic difficulties: no distinction between target and semantically related word
• phonological difficulties: has good understanding of target but cannot name it
• optic aphasia: cannot recognize objects. good with naming by definition, but poor with confrontation naming w/ image/object

Question 17

why work on scripts in auditory comprehension treatment for aphasia?
(3)

Answer 17

• facilitates “top-down” processing (use meaning/context to help understand what is heard)
• sets a logical step-by-step sequence
• helps build mental representation of familiar functional scenarios

Question 18

what therapy element is proven to be most effective in auditory comprehension therapy with aphasia

Answer 18

repetition of auditory stimulation

+ combining modalities

Question 19

which 2 types of aphasia might you want to prioritize auditory comprehension therapy?

Answer 19

• global

- Wernicke’s

Question 20

different types of alexia (acquired reading disorder)

Answer 20

• pure alexia (can write but cannot read; difficulté principale adressage mais aussi assemblage)
• surface alexia (difficulty with top-down whole word reading - adressage; dépend sur assemblage)
• deep alexia (difficulty with bottom-up grapheme phoneme conversion (assemblage) - cannot read unfamiliar words bc relies on WOR - difficulty w/ flexional/derivational morphology)