APGovCH.3

Question 1

Sadique (Sagi)

Answer 1

The creator of this massively sized Quizlet that surely must have broken his spirit when he made it! Additional commentary and images added by RGR

Question 2

Confederation

Answer 2

Type of government in which the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states.

Question 3

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 3

A political alliance of American Indian tribes established in the seventeenth century that featured aspects of the federal system of government adopted by the Framers.

Question 4

Monarchy

Answer 4

A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern the entire society. Modern examples include the monarchy in English and Saudi Arabia.

Question 5

Totalitarianism

Answer 5

A form of government in which power resides in leaders who rule by force in their own self-interest and without regard to rights and liberties.

Question 6

Oligarchy

Answer 6

A form of government in which the right to participate depends on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement.

Question 7

Democracy

Answer 7

A system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives.

Question 8

Federal System

Answer 8

A system of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people. Example: USA.

Question 9

Unitary System

Answer 9

A system of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government.

Question 10

Enumerated Powers

Answer 10

The powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article 1, section 8 of the Constitution.

Question 11

Implied Powers

Answer 11

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause.

Question 12

Tenth Amendment

Answer 12

The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people.

Question 13

Reserved Powers

Answer 13

Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens.

Question 14

Concurrent Powers

Answer 14

Powers shared by the national and state governments. Examples of state and federal concurrent powers would be the power to tax, construct roads, and establish lower courts.

Question 15

Bill of Attainder

Answer 15

A law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial. For example, in merry old England of 1542, Catherine Howard was executed via a bill of attainder for cheating on her royal husband Henry VIII - it was just made a law that what she had done was a crime.

Question 16

“Ex Post Facto” Law

Answer 16

Law that makes an act punishable as a crime, even if the action was legal at the time it was committed.

Question 17

“Full Faith and Credit” Clause

Answer 17

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state. For example, you get married in Las Vegas, New York recognizes that marriage.

Question 18

“Privileges and Immunities” Clause

Answer 18

Part of Article IV of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states.

Question 19

“Extradition” Clause

Answer 19

Part of Article IV of the Constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial.

Question 20

Interstate Compacts

Answer 20

Contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns. Water laws, driver’s license laws, are examples of common compacts.

Question 21

Dillon’s Rule

Answer 21

A premise articulated by Judge John F. Dillon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them.

Question 22

Charter

Answer 22

A document that, like a constitution, specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of local government. Charters for local governments must be approved by state legislatures.

Question 23

Counties

Answer 23

The basic administrative units of local government.

Question 24

Municipalities

Answer 24

City governments created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas.

Question 25

Special District

Answer 25

A local government that is restricted to a particular function.

Question 26

John Marshall

Answer 26

The longest-serving Supreme Court Chief Justice, Marshall served from 1801-1835. Marshall’s decision in “Marbury v. Madison” (1803) established the principle of judicial review in the United States.

Question 27

“McCulloch v. Maryland” (1819)

Answer 27

The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the Constitution’s supremacy clause. The Court’s broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Question 28

“Gibbons v. Ogden” (1824)

Answer 28

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court’s broad interpretation of the Constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Question 29

“Barron v. Baltimore” (1833)

Answer 29

Supreme Court ruling that, before the Civil War, limited the applicability of the Bill of Rights to the federal government and not to the states.

Question 30

Roger B. Taney

Answer 30

(Pronounced Taw-ney) Supreme Court Chief Justice who served from 1835-1864. Taney supported slavery and states’ rights in the pre-Civil War era. His opinion in the Dred Scott case read, current or former slaves and their descendants had “no rights which the white man was bound to respect.”

Question 31

Dual Federalism

Answer 31

The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement often referred to as layer-cake federalism.

Question 32

Nullification

Answer 32

The belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law.

Question 33

John C. Calhoun

Answer 33

A politician and political theorist from South California who supported slavery and states’ rights in the pre-Civil War era and served as Vice President from 1825-1832.

Question 34

“Dred Scott v. Sandford” (1857)

Answer 34

A Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans. “Dred Scott” heightened tensions between the pro-slavery South and the abolitionist North in the run-up to the Civil War.

Question 35

Civil War

Answer 35

The military conflict from 1861 to 1865 in the United States between the Northern forces of the Union and the Southern forces of the Confederacy. Over 600,000 Americans lost their lives during this war.

Question 36

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 36

Sixteenth president of the United States, the first elected Republican president, who served from 1861- 1865. Lincoln, who led the Union during the Civil War, was assassinated in 1865 by a Confederate sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth.

Question 37

Secession

Answer 37

A unilateral assertion of independence by a geographic region within a country. The eleven Southern states making up the Confederacy during the Civil War seceded from the United States.

Question 38

Confederate States of America

Answer 38

The political system created by the eleven states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War, which ceased to exist upon the Union victory.

Question 39

Reconstruction

Answer 39

The period from 1865-1877 after the Civil War, in which the U.S. military occupied and dominated the eleven former states of the Confederacy.

Question 40

Andrew Johnson

Answer 40

Seventeenth president of the Unite States, a Republican, who served from 1865 to 1869. Johnson had served as Abraham Lincoln’s vice president and became president after Lincoln’s assassination.

Question 41

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 41

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

Question 42

Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 42

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection by state legislatures.

Question 43

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 43

Thirtieth president of the United States, a Republican, who served from 1923 to 1929.

Question 44

Herbert Hoover

Answer 44

Thirty-first president of the United States, a Republican, who served from 1929 to 1933 during the start of the Great Depression.

Question 45

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)

Answer 45

Thirty-second president, a Democrat, who served from 1933 to 1945. FDR’s leadership took the United States through the Great Depression and World War II.

Question 46

New Deal

Answer 46

The name was given to the program of “Relief, Recovery, Reform” begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression.

Question 47

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 47

The intertwined relationship between national, state, and local governments that began with the New Deal; often referred to as marble-cake federalism.

Question 48

Progressive Federalism

Answer 48

A pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative.

Question 49

Barack Obama

Answer 49

The first African American president of the United States, a Democrat, who served as forty-fourth president from 2009-2017. Senator from Illinois from 2005-2008; member of the Illinois Senate from 1997-2004.

Question 50

Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)

Answer 50

Thirty-sixth president of the United States, a Democrat, who served from 1964 to 1969. LBJ led the nation during the Civil Rights era and the Vietnam War.

Question 51

Great Society

Answer 51

Reform program began in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal, education reform, and unemployment relief.

Question 52

Ronald Reagan

Answer 52

Fortieth president of the United States, a Republican, who served from 1981 to 1989. Reagan led the nation through the end of the Cold War and his leadership led to a national shift toward political conservatism.

Question 53

New Federalism

Answer 53

Federal-state relationship proposed by the Reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments.

Question 54

Block Grant

Answer 54

A large grant gives to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines.

Question 55

Programmatic Requests

Answer 55

Federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district; also called earmarks.

Question 56

federal system

Answer 56

a system of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people.