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APGOVSUM18 GABRIEL GUILLEN > APGovCh12 > Flashcards

APGovCh12 Flashcards

1
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the United States; third president of the Unites States from 1801-1809. Co founder of the Democratic-Republican Party

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2
Q

Donald J. Trump

A

The 45th president, a Republican, elected in 2016; first president elected without prior political or military experience; an experienced business man

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3
Q

Hilary Clinton

A

First female major party candidate for president of the United States, a Democrat, who ran against Donald J. Trump in 2016. Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013; New York Senator from 2001 to 2009; former first lady

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4
Q

Electorate

A

The citizens eligible to vote

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5
Q

Mandate

A

A command, indicated by an electorates votes, for the elected officials to carry out a party platform or policy agenda

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6
Q

Primary election

A

Election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election

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7
Q

Closed primary

A

A primary election in which only a party’s registered voters are eligible to cast a ballot

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8
Q

Open primary

A

A primary election in which party members, independents, and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to participate

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9
Q

Crossover voting

A

Participation in the primary election of a party with which the voter is not affiliated

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10
Q

Runoff primary

A

A second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary

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11
Q

General election

A

Election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices

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12
Q

Initiative

A

An election that allows citizens to propose legislation or state constitutional amendments by submitting them to electorate for popular vote

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13
Q

Referendum

A

An election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval

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14
Q

Recall

A

An election in which voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next scheduled election

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15
Q

Electoral College

A

Representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president

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16
Q

Elector

A

Member of the Electoral College

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17
Q

Reapportionment

A

The reallocation of the number of seats in the House of Representatives after each decennial census

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18
Q

Incumbancy

A

Already holding an office

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19
Q

Presidential coattails

A

When successful presidential candidates carry into office congressional candidates of the same party in the year of their election

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20
Q

Barack Obama

A

The first African American president of the United States, a democrat, who served as 44th president from 2009 to 2017. Senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008; member of the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004

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21
Q

Mid-term election

A

An election that takes place in the middle of a presidential term

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22
Q

Campaign manager

A

The individual who travels with the candidate and coordinates the campaign

23
Q

Finance chair

A

The individual who coordinates the financial business of the campaign

24
Q

Communications director

A

The person who develops the overall media strategy for the candidate

25
Q

Press secretary

A

The individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis

26
Q

Campaign consultant

A

A private sector professional who sells to a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get the candidate elected

27
Q

Pollster

A

A campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys

28
Q

Voter canvass

A

The process by which a campaign reaches individual voters, either by door-to-door solicitation or by telephone

29
Q

Get-out-the-vote (GOTV)

A

A push at the end of a political campaign to encourage supporters to go to the polls

30
Q

Bernie Sanders

A

Longest serving independent in the United States Congress. Ran against Hilary Clinton in the 2016 Democratic presidential primary; senator from Vermont since 2007; first elected to the House of Representatives in 1991

31
Q

Positive ad

A

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate’s qualifications, family, and issue positions, With no direct reference to the opponent

32
Q

Negative ad

A

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s character or platform

33
Q

Contrast ad

A

Ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the Candidates sponsoring ad

34
Q

Inoculation ad

A

Advertising that attempts to counteract an anticipated stock from the opposition before the attack is launched

35
Q

Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)

A

Passed in 1971, this is the primary law that regulates political campaign spending and fundraising. The law originally focused on increased disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns

36
Q

Federal Election Commission (FEC)

A

An independent regulatory agency founded in 1975 by the United States Congress to regulate the campaign finance legislation in the United States

37
Q

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)

A

Passed in 2002, this act amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 with several provisions designed to end the use of non federal, or “soft money” (money raised outside the limits and prohibitions of federal campaign finance law) for activity affecting federal elections

38
Q

Political Action Committee (PAC)

A

Officially recognized Fund-raising organizations that represent interest groups and are allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates, campaigns

39
Q

527 political committee

A

Organizations created with the primary purpose of influencing electoral outcomes; the term is typically applied only to freestanding interest groups that do not explicitly advocate for the election of a candidate

40
Q

501(c) group

A

Interest groups whose primary purpose is not electoral politics

41
Q

Super PAC

A

Political action committees established to make independent expenditures

42
Q

Independent expenditures

A

Spending for campaign activity that is not coordinated with a candidate’s campaign

43
Q

Public funds

A

Donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates

44
Q

Matching funds

A

Donations to presidential campaigns whereby every dollar raised from individuals in amount less than $251 is matched by the federal treasury

45
Q

Conventional political participation

A

Activism that attempts to influence the political process through commonly accepted forms of persuasion such as voting or letter writing

46
Q

Unconventional political participation

A

Activism that attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures, such as protests, boycotts, and picketing

47
Q

Turnout

A

The proportion of the voting-age public that casts a ballot

48
Q

Retrospective judgment

A

A voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on past performance on a particular issue

49
Q

Prospective judgment

A

A voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected

50
Q

Front-loading

A

The tendency of states to choose an early date on the nomination calendar

51
Q

Help America Vote Act (HAVA)

A

A federal law passed in 2002 that addresses issues of voting systems and voter access that were identified following the 200 election. It established minimum election administration standards for states and units of local government with responsibility for the administration of federal elections and for other purposes related to the bill

52
Q

Citizens United v. FEC

A

The 2010 Supreme Court case that enabled corporations and unions have the same political speech rights as individuals under the first amendment. As part of the ruling, the Supreme Court found that the government may not prohibit corporations or unions from using their general treasury funds to support or denounce political candidates in elections

53
Q

McCutcheon v. FEC

A

The 2014 Supreme Court ruling that declared Section 441 of the Federal Election Campaign Act unconstitutional. Section 441 imposed limits on any individual’s total political contributions (to federal candidates, parties, or political action committees) in a two-year period

APGOVSUM18 GABRIEL GUILLEN (15 decks)

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